Thread: PostgreSQL Service on Windows does not start. ~ "is not a valid Win32 application"

Hi All,

I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
When it happens, the following error appears.

 "is not a valid Win32 application"

This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.

1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
   such as "Program Files".

   e.g.)
   C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe

2. A file using the first white space-delimited
   tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
   and there is it in the same hierarchy.

   e.g.)
   C:\Program     //file

"pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
process using an absolute path which indicates the
location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
in quotation.

Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
tries to create a process using the other file such
as "Program", so the service fails to start.

Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
enclosed in quotation.

I created a patch to fix this failure,
So could anyone confirm?

Regards,

Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---

Hi, Asif.

Thank you for response.


>     C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l
logfilestart 
>     server starting

This failure does not occur by the command line.
PostgreSQL needs to start by Windows Service.

Additionally,In this case,
A file "Program" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\", and
"postgres.exe" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin".
------------
C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin>dir
...   4,435,456   postgres.exe      80,896   pg_ctl.exe
...

C:\Users\asif\Desktopp>dir
...           0  Program
<DIR>          Program files
...
------------

Regards,
Naoya

> Hi Naoya,
>
> I am not able to reproduce the problem. Do you mean pg windows service installed by installer is not working or
bin\pg_ctlbinary is not accepting spaces in the patch ?. Following worked for me i.e. 
>
>
>     C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l
logfilestart 
>     server starting
>
>
> Can you please share the exact steps ?. Thanks.
>
>
> Regards,
> Muhammad Asif Naeem
>
>
>
> On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 10:26 AM, Naoya Anzai <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>
>
>     Hi All,
>
>     I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
>     When it happens, the following error appears.
>
>      "is not a valid Win32 application"
>
>     This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.
>
>     1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
>        such as "Program Files".
>
>        e.g.)
>        C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe
>
>     2. A file using the first white space-delimited
>        tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
>        and there is it in the same hierarchy.
>
>        e.g.)
>        C:\Program     //file
>
>     "pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
>     process using an absolute path which indicates the
>     location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
>     in quotation.
>
>     Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
>     CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
>     tries to create a process using the other file such
>     as "Program", so the service fails to start.
>
>     Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
>     enclosed in quotation.
>
>     I created a patch to fix this failure,
>     So could anyone confirm?
>
>     Regards,
>
>     Naoya
>
>     ---
>     Naoya Anzai
>     Engineering Department
>     NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     ---
>
>
>     --
>     Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
>     To make changes to your subscription:
>     http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>
>
>
>
>

以上、よろしくお願い致します。

--------------------------------------------------------
NECソフト株式会社
PFシステム事業部 テーマソフト開発G
安西 直也

外線(03)5534-2353
内線(8)57-40364
Mail:NES-N2363
E-mail:anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
--------------------------------------------------------
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Sandeep, can you look at this please? Thanks.

On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 8:18 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
> It is related to windows unquoted service path vulnerability in the the
> installer that creates service path without quotes that make service.exe to
> look for undesirable path for executable.
>
> postgresql-9.3 service path : C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
> files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
> "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>
> service.exe
>>
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program     NAME NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe     NAME NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice     NAME
>> NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice.exe
>> NAME NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> NAME NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N.exe
>> NAME NOT FOUND
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3"     NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3".exe     NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D     NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D.exe     NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data"     NAME
>> INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data".exe
>> NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w
>> NAME INVALID
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w.exe
>> NAME INVALID
>
>
> Fix :
>
> postgresql-9.3 service path : "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
> files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe" runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
> "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>
> It would be good if this is reported on pg installer forum or security
> forum. Thanks.
>
> Regards,
> Asif Naeem
>
> On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 12:06 PM, Naoya Anzai
> <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>>
>> Hi, Asif.
>>
>> Thank you for response.
>>
>>
>> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>> >       server starting
>>
>> This failure does not occur by the command line.
>> PostgreSQL needs to start by Windows Service.
>>
>> Additionally,In this case,
>> A file "Program" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\", and
>> "postgres.exe" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program
>> files\9.3\bin".
>> ------------
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin>dir
>> ...
>>     4,435,456   postgres.exe
>>        80,896   pg_ctl.exe
>> ...
>>
>> C:\Users\asif\Desktopp>dir
>> ...
>>             0  Program
>> <DIR>          Program files
>> ...
>> ------------
>>
>> Regards,
>> Naoya
>>
>> > Hi Naoya,
>> >
>> > I am not able to reproduce the problem. Do you mean pg windows service
>> > installed by installer is not working or bin\pg_ctl binary is not accepting
>> > spaces in the patch ?. Following worked for me i.e.
>> >
>> >
>> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>> >       server starting
>> >
>> >
>> > Can you please share the exact steps ?. Thanks.
>> >
>> >
>> > Regards,
>> > Muhammad Asif Naeem
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 10:26 AM, Naoya Anzai
>> > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>> >
>> >
>> >       Hi All,
>> >
>> >       I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
>> >       When it happens, the following error appears.
>> >
>> >        "is not a valid Win32 application"
>> >
>> >       This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.
>> >
>> >       1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
>> >          such as "Program Files".
>> >
>> >          e.g.)
>> >          C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe
>> >
>> >       2. A file using the first white space-delimited
>> >          tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
>> >          and there is it in the same hierarchy.
>> >
>> >          e.g.)
>> >          C:\Program     //file
>> >
>> >       "pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
>> >       process using an absolute path which indicates the
>> >       location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
>> >       in quotation.
>> >
>> >       Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
>> >       CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
>> >       tries to create a process using the other file such
>> >       as "Program", so the service fails to start.
>> >
>> >       Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
>> >       enclosed in quotation.
>> >
>> >       I created a patch to fix this failure,
>> >       So could anyone confirm?
>> >
>> >       Regards,
>> >
>> >       Naoya
>> >
>> >       ---
>> >       Naoya Anzai
>> >       Engineering Department
>> >       NEC Soft, Ltd.
>> >       E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>> >       ---
>> >
>> >
>> >       --
>> >       Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
>> >       To make changes to your subscription:
>> >       http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>>
>> 以上、よろしくお願い致します。
>>
>> --------------------------------------------------------
>> NECソフト株式会社
>> PFシステム事業部 テーマソフト開発G
>> 安西 直也
>>
>> 外線(03)5534-2353
>> 内線(8)57-40364
>> Mail:NES-N2363
>> E-mail:anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>> --------------------------------------------------------
>> ≪本メールの取り扱い≫
>> ・区分：秘密
>> ・開示：必要最小限で可
>> ・持出：禁止
>> ・期限：無期限
>> ・用済後：廃棄
>>
>>
>>



--
Dave Page
Blog: http://pgsnake.blogspot.com
Twitter: @pgsnake

EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company

Hi, Asif

Thank you for providing my patch (pg_ctl.c.patch) to Sandeep on my behalf.

> Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached that has fewer
linesof code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 

I think your patch is not sufficient to fix.
Not only "pg_ctl.exe" but "postgres.exe" also have the same problem.
Even if your patch is attached,
A Path of "postgres.exe" passed to CreateRestrictedProcess is not enclosed in quotation.(See pgwin32_ServiceMain at
pg_ctl.c) 

So, processing enclosed in quotation should do in both conditions.

Regards,
Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---


> Hi Sandeep,
>
> PFA Naoya's patch (pg_ctl.c.patch).
>
> Hi Naoya,
>
> Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached that has fewer
linesof code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 
>
> Best Regards,
> Asif Naeem
>
>
> On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 4:46 PM, Sandeep Thakkar <sandeep.thakkar@enterprisedb.com> wrote:
>
>
>     Hi Dave
>
>     We register the service using pg_ctl. When I manually executed the following on the command prompt, I saw that
theservice path of the registered service did not have the pg_ctl.exe path in quotes. May be it should be handled in
thepg_ctl code.  
>
>     c:\Users\Sandeep Thakkar\Documents>"c:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.e
>     xe" register -N "pg-9.3" -U "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" -D "c:\Program Files\P
>     ostgreSQL\9.3\data" -w
>
>     Naoya,  I could not find your patch here. Can you please share it again?
>
>
>
>     On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 2:53 PM, Dave Page <dpage@pgadmin.org> wrote:
>
>
>         Sandeep, can you look at this please? Thanks.
>
>         On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 8:18 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
>         > It is related to windows unquoted service path vulnerability in the the
>         > installer that creates service path without quotes that make service.exe to
>         > look for undesirable path for executable.
>         >
>         > postgresql-9.3 service path : C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>         > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>         > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>         >
>         > service.exe
>         >>
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program     NAME NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe     NAME NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice     NAME
>         >> NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice.exe
>         >> NAME NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> NAME NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N.exe
>         >> NAME NOT FOUND
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3"     NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3".exe     NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D     NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D.exe     NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data"     NAME
>         >> INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data".exe
>         >> NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w
>         >> NAME INVALID
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>         >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w.exe
>         >> NAME INVALID
>         >
>         >
>         > Fix :
>         >
>         > postgresql-9.3 service path : "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>         > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe" runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>         > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>         >
>         > It would be good if this is reported on pg installer forum or security
>         > forum. Thanks.
>         >
>         > Regards,
>         > Asif Naeem
>         >
>         > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 12:06 PM, Naoya Anzai
>         > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>         >>
>         >> Hi, Asif.
>         >>
>         >> Thank you for response.
>         >>
>         >>
>         >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>         >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>         >> >       server starting
>         >>
>         >> This failure does not occur by the command line.
>         >> PostgreSQL needs to start by Windows Service.
>         >>
>         >> Additionally,In this case,
>         >> A file "Program" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\", and
>         >> "postgres.exe" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program
>         >> files\9.3\bin".
>         >> ------------
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin>dir
>         >> ...
>         >>     4,435,456   postgres.exe
>         >>        80,896   pg_ctl.exe
>         >> ...
>         >>
>         >> C:\Users\asif\Desktopp>dir
>         >> ...
>         >>             0  Program
>         >> <DIR>          Program files
>         >> ...
>         >> ------------
>         >>
>         >> Regards,
>         >> Naoya
>         >>
>         >> > Hi Naoya,
>         >> >
>         >> > I am not able to reproduce the problem. Do you mean pg windows service
>         >> > installed by installer is not working or bin\pg_ctl binary is not accepting
>         >> > spaces in the patch ?. Following worked for me i.e.
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>         >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>         >> >       server starting
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> > Can you please share the exact steps ?. Thanks.
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> > Regards,
>         >> > Muhammad Asif Naeem
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 10:26 AM, Naoya Anzai
>         >> > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >       Hi All,
>         >> >
>         >> >       I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
>         >> >       When it happens, the following error appears.
>         >> >
>         >> >        "is not a valid Win32 application"
>         >> >
>         >> >       This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.
>         >> >
>         >> >       1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
>         >> >          such as "Program Files".
>         >> >
>         >> >          e.g.)
>         >> >          C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe
>         >> >
>         >> >       2. A file using the first white space-delimited
>         >> >          tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
>         >> >          and there is it in the same hierarchy.
>         >> >
>         >> >          e.g.)
>         >> >          C:\Program     //file
>         >> >
>         >> >       "pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
>         >> >       process using an absolute path which indicates the
>         >> >       location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
>         >> >       in quotation.
>         >> >
>         >> >       Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
>         >> >       CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
>         >> >       tries to create a process using the other file such
>         >> >       as "Program", so the service fails to start.
>         >> >
>         >> >       Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
>         >> >       enclosed in quotation.
>         >> >
>         >> >       I created a patch to fix this failure,
>         >> >       So could anyone confirm?
>         >> >
>         >> >       Regards,
>         >> >
>         >> >       Naoya
>         >> >
>         >> >       ---
>         >> >       Naoya Anzai
>         >> >       Engineering Department
>         >> >       NEC Soft, Ltd.
>         >> >       E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>         >> >       ---
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >       --
>         >> >       Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
>         >> >       To make changes to your subscription:
>         >> >       http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >
>         >> >>
>
>
>         --
>         Dave Page
>         Blog: http://pgsnake.blogspot.com
>         Twitter: @pgsnake
>
>         EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com
>         The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
>
>
>
>
>
>     --
>
>     Sandeep Thakkar
>     Senior Software Engineer
>
>
>     Phone: +91.20.30589505 <tel:%2B91.20.30589505>
>
>     Website: www.enterprisedb.com
>     EnterpriseDB Blog: http://blogs.enterprisedb.com/
>     Follow us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/enterprisedb
>
>
>
>
>
>

Hi,Sandeep

Thanks.

Sorry, There was a mistake in what I said.

I said
>     Not only "pg_ctl.exe" but "postgres.exe" also have the same problem.
but, to say it correctly,

"postgres.exe" does not have the problem.
Source that contains the problem is only "pg_ctl.c".

> So, this is not an installer issue. Is this bug raised to the PostgreSQL community? If yes, you should submit the
patchthere. 
YES, I had submitted there already,But nobody has responded me yet.

http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/PostgreSQL-Service-on-Windows-does-not-start-td5774206.html

Regards,
Naoya

> So, this is not an installer issue. Is this bug raised to the PostgreSQL community? If yes, you should submit the
patchthere. 
>
>
> On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 6:23 AM, Naoya Anzai <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>
>
>     Hi, Asif
>
>     Thank you for providing my patch (pg_ctl.c.patch) to Sandeep on my behalf.
>
>
>     > Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached that has
fewerlines of code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 
>
>
>     I think your patch is not sufficient to fix.
>     Not only "pg_ctl.exe" but "postgres.exe" also have the same problem.
>     Even if your patch is attached,
>     A Path of "postgres.exe" passed to CreateRestrictedProcess is not enclosed in quotation.(See pgwin32_ServiceMain
atpg_ctl.c) 
>
>     So, processing enclosed in quotation should do in both conditions.
>
>
>     Regards,
>     Naoya
>
>     ---
>     Naoya Anzai
>     Engineering Department
>     NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     ---
>
>
>     > Hi Sandeep,
>     >
>     > PFA Naoya's patch (pg_ctl.c.patch).
>     >
>     > Hi Naoya,
>     >
>     > Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached that has
fewerlines of code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 
>     >
>     > Best Regards,
>     > Asif Naeem
>     >
>     >
>     > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 4:46 PM, Sandeep Thakkar <sandeep.thakkar@enterprisedb.com> wrote:
>     >
>     >
>     >       Hi Dave
>     >
>     >       We register the service using pg_ctl. When I manually executed the following on the command prompt, I saw
thatthe service path of the registered service did not have the pg_ctl.exe path in quotes. May be it should be handled
inthe pg_ctl code. 
>     >
>     >       c:\Users\Sandeep Thakkar\Documents>"c:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.e
>     >       xe" register -N "pg-9.3" -U "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" -D "c:\Program Files\P
>     >       ostgreSQL\9.3\data" -w
>     >
>     >       Naoya,  I could not find your patch here. Can you please share it again?
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >       On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 2:53 PM, Dave Page <dpage@pgadmin.org> wrote:
>     >
>     >
>     >               Sandeep, can you look at this please? Thanks.
>     >
>     >               On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 8:18 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
>     >               > It is related to windows unquoted service path vulnerability in the the
>     >               > installer that creates service path without quotes that make service.exe to
>     >               > look for undesirable path for executable.
>     >               >
>     >               > postgresql-9.3 service path : C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>     >               > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>     >               > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>     >               >
>     >               > service.exe
>     >               >>
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program     NAME NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe     NAME NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice     NAME
>     >               >> NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice.exe
>     >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N.exe
>     >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3"     NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3".exe     NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D     NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D.exe     NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data"     NAME
>     >               >> INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data".exe
>     >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w
>     >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w.exe
>     >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >               >
>     >               >
>     >               > Fix :
>     >               >
>     >               > postgresql-9.3 service path : "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>     >               > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe" runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>     >               > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>     >               >
>     >               > It would be good if this is reported on pg installer forum or security
>     >               > forum. Thanks.
>     >               >
>     >               > Regards,
>     >               > Asif Naeem
>     >               >
>     >               > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 12:06 PM, Naoya Anzai
>     >               > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>     >               >>
>     >               >> Hi, Asif.
>     >               >>
>     >               >> Thank you for response.
>     >               >>
>     >               >>
>     >               >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>     >               >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>     >               >> >       server starting
>     >               >>
>     >               >> This failure does not occur by the command line.
>     >               >> PostgreSQL needs to start by Windows Service.
>     >               >>
>     >               >> Additionally,In this case,
>     >               >> A file "Program" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\", and
>     >               >> "postgres.exe" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program
>     >               >> files\9.3\bin".
>     >               >> ------------
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin>dir
>     >               >> ...
>     >               >>     4,435,456   postgres.exe
>     >               >>        80,896   pg_ctl.exe
>     >               >> ...
>     >               >>
>     >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktopp>dir
>     >               >> ...
>     >               >>             0  Program
>     >               >> <DIR>          Program files
>     >               >> ...
>     >               >> ------------
>     >               >>
>     >               >> Regards,
>     >               >> Naoya
>     >               >>
>     >               >> > Hi Naoya,
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> > I am not able to reproduce the problem. Do you mean pg windows service
>     >               >> > installed by installer is not working or bin\pg_ctl binary is not accepting
>     >               >> > spaces in the patch ?. Following worked for me i.e.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>     >               >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>     >               >> >       server starting
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> > Can you please share the exact steps ?. Thanks.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> > Regards,
>     >               >> > Muhammad Asif Naeem
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 10:26 AM, Naoya Anzai
>     >               >> > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       Hi All,
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
>     >               >> >       When it happens, the following error appears.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >        "is not a valid Win32 application"
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
>     >               >> >          such as "Program Files".
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >          e.g.)
>     >               >> >          C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       2. A file using the first white space-delimited
>     >               >> >          tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
>     >               >> >          and there is it in the same hierarchy.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >          e.g.)
>     >               >> >          C:\Program     //file
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       "pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
>     >               >> >       process using an absolute path which indicates the
>     >               >> >       location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
>     >               >> >       in quotation.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
>     >               >> >       CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
>     >               >> >       tries to create a process using the other file such
>     >               >> >       as "Program", so the service fails to start.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
>     >               >> >       enclosed in quotation.
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       I created a patch to fix this failure,
>     >               >> >       So could anyone confirm?
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       Regards,
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       Naoya
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       ---
>     >               >> >       Naoya Anzai
>     >               >> >       Engineering Department
>     >               >> >       NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     >               >> >       E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     >               >> >       ---
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >       --
>     >               >> >       Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
>     >               >> >       To make changes to your subscription:
>     >               >> >       http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >
>     >               >> >>
>     >
>     >
>
>     >               --
>     >               Dave Page
>     >               Blog: http://pgsnake.blogspot.com
>     >               Twitter: @pgsnake
>     >
>     >               EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com
>     >               The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >       --
>     >
>     >       Sandeep Thakkar
>     >       Senior Software Engineer
>     >
>     >
>
>     >       Phone: +91.20.30589505 <tel:%2B91.20.30589505>
>
>     >
>     >       Website: www.enterprisedb.com
>     >       EnterpriseDB Blog: http://blogs.enterprisedb.com/
>     >       Follow us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/enterprisedb
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Sandeep Thakkar
> Senior Software Engineer
>  <http://www.enterprisedb.com/sites/default/files/EDB-logo-4c.png>
>
> Phone: +91.20.30589505
>
> Website: www.enterprisedb.com
> EnterpriseDB Blog: http://blogs.enterprisedb.com/
> Follow us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/enterprisedb
>
>
>

Regards,

Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---

Hi Sandeep

> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path containing space is vulnerable and can be
exploitedon Windows" to get the attention..  :) 
Thank you for advice!
I'll try to post to pgsql-bugs again.

> BTW, in your case, the file "Program" should be an exe and not just any other file to exploit this vulnerability.
Right?
Yes, "Program" is a simple file I made.

Best Regards,
Naoya

> Hi Naoya
>
> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path containing space is vulnerable and can be
exploitedon Windows" to get the attention..  :) 
>
> BTW, in your case, the file "Program" should be an exe and not just any other file to exploit this vulnerability.
Right?
>
>
> On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 11:34 AM, Naoya Anzai <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>
>
>     Hi,Sandeep
>
>     Thanks.
>
>     Sorry, There was a mistake in what I said.
>
>     I said
>
>     >       Not only "pg_ctl.exe" but "postgres.exe" also have the same problem.
>
>     but, to say it correctly,
>
>     "postgres.exe" does not have the problem.
>     Source that contains the problem is only "pg_ctl.c".
>
>
>     > So, this is not an installer issue. Is this bug raised to the PostgreSQL community? If yes, you should submit
thepatch there. 
>
>     YES, I had submitted there already,But nobody has responded me yet.
>
>     http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/PostgreSQL-Service-on-Windows-does-not-start-td5774206.html
>
>     Regards,
>     Naoya
>
>
>     > So, this is not an installer issue. Is this bug raised to the PostgreSQL community? If yes, you should submit
thepatch there. 
>     >
>     >
>     > On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 6:23 AM, Naoya Anzai <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>     >
>     >
>     >       Hi, Asif
>     >
>     >       Thank you for providing my patch (pg_ctl.c.patch) to Sandeep on my behalf.
>     >
>     >
>     >       > Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached
thathas fewer lines of code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 
>     >
>     >
>     >       I think your patch is not sufficient to fix.
>     >       Not only "pg_ctl.exe" but "postgres.exe" also have the same problem.
>     >       Even if your patch is attached,
>     >       A Path of "postgres.exe" passed to CreateRestrictedProcess is not enclosed in quotation.(See
pgwin32_ServiceMainat pg_ctl.c) 
>     >
>     >       So, processing enclosed in quotation should do in both conditions.
>     >
>     >
>     >       Regards,
>     >       Naoya
>     >
>     >       ---
>     >       Naoya Anzai
>     >       Engineering Department
>     >       NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     >       E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     >       ---
>     >
>     >
>     >       > Hi Sandeep,
>     >       >
>     >       > PFA Naoya's patch (pg_ctl.c.patch).
>     >       >
>     >       > Hi Naoya,
>     >       >
>     >       > Good finding. I have attached another version of patch (pg_ctl.c_windows_vulnerability.patch) attached
thathas fewer lines of code changes, can you please take a look ?. Thanks. 
>     >       >
>     >       > Best Regards,
>     >       > Asif Naeem
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 4:46 PM, Sandeep Thakkar <sandeep.thakkar@enterprisedb.com> wrote:
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >       Hi Dave
>     >       >
>     >       >       We register the service using pg_ctl. When I manually executed the following on the command
prompt,I saw that the service path of the registered service did not have the pg_ctl.exe path in quotes. May be it
shouldbe handled in the pg_ctl code. 
>     >       >
>     >       >       c:\Users\Sandeep Thakkar\Documents>"c:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.e
>     >       >       xe" register -N "pg-9.3" -U "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" -D "c:\Program Files\P
>     >       >       ostgreSQL\9.3\data" -w
>     >       >
>     >       >       Naoya,  I could not find your patch here. Can you please share it again?
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >       On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 2:53 PM, Dave Page <dpage@pgadmin.org> wrote:
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >               Sandeep, can you look at this please? Thanks.
>     >       >
>     >       >               On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 8:18 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
>     >       >               > It is related to windows unquoted service path vulnerability in the the
>     >       >               > installer that creates service path without quotes that make service.exe to
>     >       >               > look for undesirable path for executable.
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > postgresql-9.3 service path : C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>     >       >               > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>     >       >               > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > service.exe
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program     NAME NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe     NAME NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe     ACCESS DENIED
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice     NAME
>     >       >               >> NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice.exe
>     >       >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N.exe
>     >       >               >> NAME NOT FOUND
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3"     NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3".exe     NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D     NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D.exe     NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program.exe NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data"     NAME
>     >       >               >> INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data".exe
>     >       >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w
>     >       >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin\pg_ctl.exe runservice -N
>     >       >               >> "postgresql-9.3" -D "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data" -w.exe
>     >       >               >> NAME INVALID
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > Fix :
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > postgresql-9.3 service path : "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program
>     >       >               > files/9.3/bin/pg_ctl.exe" runservice -N "postgresql-9.3" -D
>     >       >               > "C:/Users/asif/Desktop/Program files/9.3/data" -w
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > It would be good if this is reported on pg installer forum or security
>     >       >               > forum. Thanks.
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > Regards,
>     >       >               > Asif Naeem
>     >       >               >
>     >       >               > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 12:06 PM, Naoya Anzai
>     >       >               > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> Hi, Asif.
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> Thank you for response.
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>     >       >               >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>     >       >               >> >       server starting
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> This failure does not occur by the command line.
>     >       >               >> PostgreSQL needs to start by Windows Service.
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> Additionally,In this case,
>     >       >               >> A file "Program" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\", and
>     >       >               >> "postgres.exe" needs to be exist at "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program
>     >       >               >> files\9.3\bin".
>     >       >               >> ------------
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\bin>dir
>     >       >               >> ...
>     >       >               >>     4,435,456   postgres.exe
>     >       >               >>        80,896   pg_ctl.exe
>     >       >               >> ...
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> C:\Users\asif\Desktopp>dir
>     >       >               >> ...
>     >       >               >>             0  Program
>     >       >               >> <DIR>          Program files
>     >       >               >> ...
>     >       >               >> ------------
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> Regards,
>     >       >               >> Naoya
>     >       >               >>
>     >       >               >> > Hi Naoya,
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> > I am not able to reproduce the problem. Do you mean pg windows service
>     >       >               >> > installed by installer is not working or bin\pg_ctl binary is not accepting
>     >       >               >> > spaces in the patch ?. Following worked for me i.e.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3>"bin\pg_ctl" -D
>     >       >               >> > "C:\Users\asif\Desktop\Program files\9.3\data1" -l logfile start
>     >       >               >> >       server starting
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> > Can you please share the exact steps ?. Thanks.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> > Regards,
>     >       >               >> > Muhammad Asif Naeem
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> > On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 10:26 AM, Naoya Anzai
>     >       >               >> > <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       Hi All,
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       I have found a case that PostgreSQL Service does not start.
>     >       >               >> >       When it happens, the following error appears.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >        "is not a valid Win32 application"
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       This failure occurs when the following conditions are true.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       1. There is "postgres.exe" in any directory that contains a space,
>     >       >               >> >          such as "Program Files".
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >          e.g.)
>     >       >               >> >          C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\bin\postgres.exe
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       2. A file using the first white space-delimited
>     >       >               >> >          tokens of that directory as the file name exists,
>     >       >               >> >          and there is it in the same hierarchy.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >          e.g.)
>     >       >               >> >          C:\Program     //file
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       "pg_ctl.exe" as PostgreSQL Service creates a postgres
>     >       >               >> >       process using an absolute path which indicates the
>     >       >               >> >       location of "postgres.exe",but the path is not enclosed
>     >       >               >> >       in quotation.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       Therefore,if the above-mentioned conditions are true,
>     >       >               >> >       CreateProcessAsUser(a Windows Function called by pg_ctl.exe)
>     >       >               >> >       tries to create a process using the other file such
>     >       >               >> >       as "Program", so the service fails to start.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       Accordingly, I think that the command path should be
>     >       >               >> >       enclosed in quotation.
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       I created a patch to fix this failure,
>     >       >               >> >       So could anyone confirm?
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       Regards,
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       Naoya
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       ---
>     >       >               >> >       Naoya Anzai
>     >       >               >> >       Engineering Department
>     >       >               >> >       NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     >       >               >> >       E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     >       >               >> >       ---
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >       --
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>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >
>     >       >               >> >>
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >
>     >       >               --
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>     >       >               Twitter: @pgsnake
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>     >       >               EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com
>     >       >               The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
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>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >       >
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>     >       >       Sandeep Thakkar
>     >       >       Senior Software Engineer
>     >       >
>     >       >
>     >
>     >       >       Phone: +91.20.30589505 <tel:%2B91.20.30589505>
>     >
>     >       >
>     >       >       Website: www.enterprisedb.com
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>     >       >
>     >       >
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>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     >
>     > --
>     >
>     > Sandeep Thakkar
>     > Senior Software Engineer
>
>     >  <http://www.enterprisedb.com/sites/default/files/EDB-logo-4c.png>
>
>     >
>     > Phone: +91.20.30589505
>     >
>     > Website: www.enterprisedb.com
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>     >
>     >
>
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>     Regards,
>
>     Naoya
>
>     ---
>     Naoya Anzai
>     Engineering Department
>     NEC Soft, Ltd.
>     E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
>     ---
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Sandeep Thakkar
> Senior Software Engineer
>  <http://www.enterprisedb.com/sites/default/files/EDB-logo-4c.png>
>
> Phone: +91.20.30589505
>
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Regards,

Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---

On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 12:46 PM, Naoya Anzai
<anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
> Hi Sandeep
>
>> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path containing space is vulnerable and can be
exploitedon Windows" to get the attention..  :)
 
> Thank you for advice!
> I'll try to post to pgsql-bugs again.

I could also reproduce this issue. The situation is very rare such
that an "exe" with name same as first part of directory should exist
in installation path.
I suggest you can post your patch in next commit fest.

With Regards,
Amit Kapila.
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com

On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 1:44 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 10:17 AM, Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>>
>> On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 12:46 PM, Naoya Anzai
>> <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>> > Hi Sandeep
>> >
>> >> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path
>> >> containing space is vulnerable and can be exploited on Windows" to get the
>> >> attention..  :)
>> > Thank you for advice!
>> > I'll try to post to pgsql-bugs again.
>>
>> I could also reproduce this issue. The situation is very rare such
>> that an "exe" with name same as first part of directory should exist
>> in installation path.
>
>
> I believe it is a security risk with bigger impact as it is related to
> Windows environment and as installers rely on it.
>
>>
>> I suggest you can post your patch in next commit fest.
>
>
> Yes. Are not vulnerabilities/security risk's taken care of more urgent bases
> ?

If one of the committers who is knowledgeable about Windows has time
to apply this *before* the next CommitFest, that's obviously great.
But the purpose of adding a link to the next CommitFest is to provide
a backstop, so that we're not relying solely on someone to notice this
email thread and pick it up, but instead have the patch as part of a
list of patches needing review.

-- 
Robert Haas
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company

Hi Naoya,

On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 5:42 PM, Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 1:44 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
>> On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 10:17 AM, Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 12:46 PM, Naoya Anzai
>>> <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
>>> > Hi Sandeep
>>> >
>>> >> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path
>>> >> containing space is vulnerable and can be exploited on Windows" to get the
>>> >> attention..  :)
>>> > Thank you for advice!
>>> > I'll try to post to pgsql-bugs again.
>>>
>>> I could also reproduce this issue. The situation is very rare such
>>> that an "exe" with name same as first part of directory should exist
>>> in installation path.
>>
>
> If one of the committers who is knowledgeable about Windows has time
> to apply this *before* the next CommitFest, that's obviously great.
> But the purpose of adding a link to the next CommitFest is to provide
> a backstop, so that we're not relying solely on someone to notice this
> email thread and pick it up, but instead have the patch as part of a
> list of patches needing review.

I have uploaded your patch for next commit fest, hope you can support
it if there is any feedback for your patch by reviewer/committer.

With Regards,
Amit Kapila.
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com

Hi Amit,

> I have uploaded your patch for next commit fest, hope you can support
> it if there is any feedback for your patch by reviewer/committer.
Thanks! Okay, I will support you.

Best Regards,
Naoya

> Hi Naoya,
>
> On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 5:42 PM, Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote:
> > On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 1:44 AM, Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> On Thu, Oct 31, 2013 at 10:17 AM, Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
> >> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> On Tue, Oct 29, 2013 at 12:46 PM, Naoya Anzai
> >>> <anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp> wrote:
> >>> > Hi Sandeep
> >>> >
> >>> >> I think, you should change the subject line  to "Unquoted service path
> >>> >> containing space is vulnerable and can be exploited on Windows" to get the
> >>> >> attention..  :)
> >>> > Thank you for advice!
> >>> > I'll try to post to pgsql-bugs again.
> >>>
> >>> I could also reproduce this issue. The situation is very rare such
> >>> that an "exe" with name same as first part of directory should exist
> >>> in installation path.
> >>
> >
> > If one of the committers who is knowledgeable about Windows has time
> > to apply this *before* the next CommitFest, that's obviously great.
> > But the purpose of adding a link to the next CommitFest is to provide
> > a backstop, so that we're not relying solely on someone to notice this
> > email thread and pick it up, but instead have the patch as part of a
> > list of patches needing review.
>
> I have uploaded your patch for next commit fest, hope you can support
> it if there is any feedback for your patch by reviewer/committer.
>
> With Regards,
> Amit Kapila.
> EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
>
>
> --
> Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
> To make changes to your subscription:
> http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
>

Regards,

Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---

ON 11 November 2013, Naoya Anzai Wrote:

>>
>> Hi Amit,
>>
> > I have uploaded your patch for next commit fest, hope you can support
> > it if there is any feedback for your patch by reviewer/committer.
> Thanks! Okay, I will support you.

1. Patch applies cleanly to master HEAD.
2. No Compilation Warning.
3. It works as per the patch expectation.

One suggestion:
Instead of using sizeof(cmdLine),a. Can't we use strlen  (hence small 'for' loop).b. Or use memmove to move one byte.

Thanks and Regards,
Kumar Rajeev Rastogi

Rajeev rastogi <rajeev.rastogi@huawei.com> writes:
> One suggestion:
> Instead of using sizeof(cmdLine),
>     a. Can't we use strlen  (hence small 'for' loop).
>     b. Or use memmove to move one byte.

I looked at this patch a bit.  I agree that we need to fix
pgwin32_CommandLine to double-quote the executable name, but it needs a
great deal more work than that :-(.  Whoever wrote this code was
apparently unacquainted with the concept of buffer overrun.  It's not
going to be hard at all to crash pg_ctl with overlength arguments.  I'm
not sure that that amounts to a security bug, but it's certainly bad.

After some thought it seems like the most future-proof fix is to not
use a fixed-length buffer for the command string at all.  The attached
revised patch switches it over to using a PQExpBuffer instead, which is
pretty much free since we're relying on libpq anyway in this program.
(We still use a fixed-length buffer for the program path, which is OK
because that's what find_my_exec and find_other_exec expect.)

In addition, I fixed it to append .exe in both cases not just the one.

I'm not in a position to actually test this, but it does compile
without warnings.

            regards, tom lane

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index 8399cdd..dd80719 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
--- b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
***************
*** 18,24 ****
--- 18,26 ----
  #endif

  #include "postgres_fe.h"
+
  #include "libpq-fe.h"
+ #include "pqexpbuffer.h"

  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <locale.h>
*************** pgwin32_IsInstalled(SC_HANDLE hSCM)
*** 1238,1253 ****
  static char *
  pgwin32_CommandLine(bool registration)
  {
!     static char cmdLine[MAXPGPATH];
      int            ret;

- #ifdef __CYGWIN__
-     char        buf[MAXPGPATH];
- #endif
-
      if (registration)
      {
!         ret = find_my_exec(argv0, cmdLine);
          if (ret != 0)
          {
              write_stderr(_("%s: could not find own program executable\n"), progname);
--- 1240,1252 ----
  static char *
  pgwin32_CommandLine(bool registration)
  {
!     PQExpBuffer cmdLine = createPQExpBuffer();
!     char        cmdPath[MAXPGPATH];
      int            ret;

      if (registration)
      {
!         ret = find_my_exec(argv0, cmdPath);
          if (ret != 0)
          {
              write_stderr(_("%s: could not find own program executable\n"), progname);
*************** pgwin32_CommandLine(bool registration)
*** 1257,1263 ****
      else
      {
          ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR,
!                               cmdLine);
          if (ret != 0)
          {
              write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postgres program executable\n"), progname);
--- 1256,1262 ----
      else
      {
          ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR,
!                               cmdPath);
          if (ret != 0)
          {
              write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postgres program executable\n"), progname);
*************** pgwin32_CommandLine(bool registration)
*** 1267,1320 ****

  #ifdef __CYGWIN__
      /* need to convert to windows path */
  #if CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MAJOR >= 1007
!     cygwin_conv_path(CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, cmdLine, buf, sizeof(buf));
  #else
!     cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path(cmdLine, buf);
  #endif
!     strcpy(cmdLine, buf);
  #endif

      if (registration)
!     {
!         if (pg_strcasecmp(cmdLine + strlen(cmdLine) - 4, ".exe") != 0)
!         {
!             /* If commandline does not end in .exe, append it */
!             strcat(cmdLine, ".exe");
!         }
!         strcat(cmdLine, " runservice -N \"");
!         strcat(cmdLine, register_servicename);
!         strcat(cmdLine, "\"");
!     }

      if (pg_config)
!     {
!         strcat(cmdLine, " -D \"");
!         strcat(cmdLine, pg_config);
!         strcat(cmdLine, "\"");
!     }

      if (registration && do_wait)
!         strcat(cmdLine, " -w");

      if (registration && wait_seconds != DEFAULT_WAIT)
!         /* concatenate */
!         sprintf(cmdLine + strlen(cmdLine), " -t %d", wait_seconds);

      if (registration && silent_mode)
!         strcat(cmdLine, " -s");

      if (post_opts)
      {
-         strcat(cmdLine, " ");
-         if (registration)
-             strcat(cmdLine, " -o \"");
-         strcat(cmdLine, post_opts);
          if (registration)
!             strcat(cmdLine, "\"");
      }

!     return cmdLine;
  }

  static void
--- 1266,1319 ----

  #ifdef __CYGWIN__
      /* need to convert to windows path */
+     {
+         char        buf[MAXPGPATH];
+
  #if CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MAJOR >= 1007
!         cygwin_conv_path(CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, cmdPath, buf, sizeof(buf));
  #else
!         cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path(cmdPath, buf);
  #endif
!         strcpy(cmdPath, buf);
!     }
  #endif

+     /* if path does not end in .exe, append it */
+     if (strlen(cmdPath) < 4 ||
+         pg_strcasecmp(cmdPath + strlen(cmdPath) - 4, ".exe") != 0)
+         snprintf(cmdPath + strlen(cmdPath), sizeof(cmdPath) - strlen(cmdPath),
+                  ".exe");
+
+     /* be sure to double-quote the executable's name in the command */
+     appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, "\"%s\"", cmdPath);
+
+     /* append assorted switches to the command line, as needed */
+
      if (registration)
!         appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " runservice -N \"%s\"",
!                           register_servicename);

      if (pg_config)
!         appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " -D \"%s\"", pg_config);

      if (registration && do_wait)
!         appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " -w");

      if (registration && wait_seconds != DEFAULT_WAIT)
!         appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " -t %d", wait_seconds);

      if (registration && silent_mode)
!         appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " -s");

      if (post_opts)
      {
          if (registration)
!             appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " -o \"%s\"", post_opts);
!         else
!             appendPQExpBuffer(cmdLine, " %s", post_opts);
      }

!     return cmdLine->data;
  }

  static void
*************** CreateRestrictedProcess(char *cmd, PROCE
*** 1745,1751 ****
       */
      return r;
  }
! #endif

  static void
  do_advice(void)
--- 1744,1750 ----
       */
      return r;
  }
! #endif    /* defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) */

  static void
  do_advice(void)

* Tom Lane wrote:

> I looked at this patch a bit.  I agree that we need to fix
> pgwin32_CommandLine to double-quote the executable name, but it needs a
> great deal more work than that :-(.  Whoever wrote this code was

One additional issue is that the path to the service executable should 
use backslashes exclusively. Currently, the last directory separator in 
the service command line (the one before "pg_ctl.exe") is a forward 
slash. I recently had trouble with Symantec Backup Exec (not sure which 
versions are affected); it fails to do system state backups when a 
service registered using pg_ctl is present on the system.

See <http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH144413> for the same issue 
involving a different service.

The EDB installer does not cause that problem, although I don't know if 
that is because it does not use pg_ctl to register the service or 
because it fixes the path afterwards.

-- 
Christian

On 24 November 2013, Tom Lane Wrote:
> > One suggestion:
> > Instead of using sizeof(cmdLine),
> >     a. Can't we use strlen  (hence small 'for' loop).
> >     b. Or use memmove to move one byte.
>
> I looked at this patch a bit.  I agree that we need to fix
> pgwin32_CommandLine to double-quote the executable name, but it needs a
> great deal more work than that :-(.  Whoever wrote this code was
> apparently unacquainted with the concept of buffer overrun.  It's not
> going to be hard at all to crash pg_ctl with overlength arguments.  I'm
> not sure that that amounts to a security bug, but it's certainly bad.
>
> After some thought it seems like the most future-proof fix is to not
> use a fixed-length buffer for the command string at all.  The attached
> revised patch switches it over to using a PQExpBuffer instead, which is
> pretty much free since we're relying on libpq anyway in this program.
> (We still use a fixed-length buffer for the program path, which is OK
> because that's what find_my_exec and find_other_exec expect.)
>
> In addition, I fixed it to append .exe in both cases not just the one.
>
> I'm not in a position to actually test this, but it does compile
> without warnings.

I tested the latest patch. My observation is:If we give relative data directory path while registering the service,
thenservice start fails.But same works if the data directory is absolute path. 
Looks like an existing issue. May be we need to internally convert relative data path to absolute.

Thanks and Regards,
Kumar Rajeev Rastogi

On 25 November 2013, Rajeev Rastogi Wrote:
> > > One suggestion:
> > > Instead of using sizeof(cmdLine),
> > >     a. Can't we use strlen  (hence small 'for' loop).
> > >     b. Or use memmove to move one byte.
> >
> > I looked at this patch a bit.  I agree that we need to fix
> > pgwin32_CommandLine to double-quote the executable name, but it needs
> > a great deal more work than that :-(.  Whoever wrote this code was
> > apparently unacquainted with the concept of buffer overrun.  It's not
> > going to be hard at all to crash pg_ctl with overlength arguments.
> > I'm not sure that that amounts to a security bug, but it's certainly
> bad.
> >
> > After some thought it seems like the most future-proof fix is to not
> > use a fixed-length buffer for the command string at all.  The
> attached
> > revised patch switches it over to using a PQExpBuffer instead, which
> > is pretty much free since we're relying on libpq anyway in this
> program.
> > (We still use a fixed-length buffer for the program path, which is OK
> > because that's what find_my_exec and find_other_exec expect.)
> >
> > In addition, I fixed it to append .exe in both cases not just the one.
> >
> > I'm not in a position to actually test this, but it does compile
> > without warnings.
>
> I tested the latest patch. My observation is:
>     If we give relative data directory path while registering the
> service, then service start fails.
>     But same works if the data directory is absolute path.
>
>     Looks like an existing issue. May be we need to internally
> convert relative data path to absolute.

Since the mentioned issue is an existing issue and not because of this patch.
So can we take that as separate defect and fix. If so, then I can
move this patch to "ready for committer".

Thanks and Regards,
Kumar Rajeev Rastogi

Hi, Rajeev

> > I tested the latest patch. My observation is:
> >     If we give relative data directory path while registering the
> > service, then service start fails.
> >     But same works if the data directory is absolute path.
> >
> >     Looks like an existing issue. May be we need to internally
> > convert relative data path to absolute.
>
> Since the mentioned issue is an existing issue and not because of this patch.
> So can we take that as separate defect and fix. If so, then I can
> move this patch to "ready for committer".

I think so too.
In boot by Service, CurrentDirectory seems to be "C:/Windows/system32".
So, you have to set a relative data directory path that the starting point to be "C:/Windows/system32".

>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Kumar Rajeev Rastogi
>
>

Regards,

Naoya

---
Naoya Anzai
Engineering Department
NEC Soft, Ltd.
E-Mail: anzai-naoya@mxu.nes.nec.co.jp
---

On 27 November 2013, Naoya Anzai wrote:
> Hi, Rajeev
>
> > > I tested the latest patch. My observation is:
> > >     If we give relative data directory path while registering the
> > > service, then service start fails.
> > >     But same works if the data directory is absolute path.
> > >
> > >     Looks like an existing issue. May be we need to internally
> convert
> > > relative data path to absolute.
> >
> > Since the mentioned issue is an existing issue and not because of
> this patch.
> > So can we take that as separate defect and fix. If so, then I can
> move
> > this patch to "ready for committer".
>
> I think so too.
> In boot by Service, CurrentDirectory seems to be "C:/Windows/system32".
> So, you have to set a relative data directory path that the starting
> point to be "C:/Windows/system32".
>

OK. Then I am moving it to "ready for committer".

Rajeev rastogi <rajeev.rastogi@huawei.com> writes:
> OK. Then I am moving it to "ready for committer".

I've committed this patch.  I added a make_native_path() call to fix the
slashes-versus-backslashes issue noted by Christian Ullrich, since that
was an easy one-line addition.  I didn't do anything about the
relative-path-for-the-data-directory issue.  That would take a bit more
code and I'm not certain that we've fully analyzed the implications of
changing it.  In any case it seems like a completely separate issue from
getting the executable pathname right.

Thanks for all your work on this!  This code's been busted for a long
while ...
        regards, tom lane

On 11/29/2013 06:43 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
> Rajeev rastogi <rajeev.rastogi@huawei.com> writes:
>> OK. Then I am moving it to "ready for committer".
> I've committed this patch.  I added a make_native_path() call to fix the
> slashes-versus-backslashes issue noted by Christian Ullrich, since that
> was an easy one-line addition.


I don't mind changing this, but IMNSHO it's not a bug. The program 
that's reported to fail with the old use of mixed separators is the one 
with the bug. But changing it costs us little.


cheers

andrew

Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net> writes:
> On 11/29/2013 06:43 PM, Tom Lane wrote:
>> I've committed this patch.  I added a make_native_path() call to fix the
>> slashes-versus-backslashes issue noted by Christian Ullrich, since that
>> was an easy one-line addition.

> I don't mind changing this, but IMNSHO it's not a bug. The program 
> that's reported to fail with the old use of mixed separators is the one 
> with the bug. But changing it costs us little.

Yeah, no doubt, but we're certainly swimming against the tide by not
following the platform convention.
        regards, tom lane