Real number of distinct value for this dataset is about 10 millions. For some reasons, sampling using random blocks and Vitter algorithm produces worser results than just examining first 30000 rows of the table:
It is a known problem with our sampling method that once a block is chosen, it then oversamples rows from that block[1]. So you get too many blocks with 0 rows sampled or 2 or more rows samples, and too few with exactly one row sampled. If rows with the same value are clustered together into same blocks, this will find too many duplicates and really skew the Duj1 estimate, because we feeding it a biased sample.
Tomas was working on a patch to make the sampling truly random[2], but I think he abandoned it to work on the multivariate statistics instead. It is hard to tell if the IO implications of no longer reading sampled blocks in physical order would be acceptable, because everyone has different hardware, data, and ideas of what is acceptable.
