Part VII. Internals

This part contains assorted information that might be of use to Postgres Pro developers.

Table of Contents

50. Overview of Postgres Pro Internals
50.1. The Path of a Query
50.2. How Connections Are Established
50.3. The Parser Stage
50.4. The Postgres Pro Rule System
50.5. Planner/Optimizer
50.6. Executor
51. System Catalogs
51.1. Overview
51.2. pg_aggregate
51.3. pg_am
51.4. pg_amop
51.5. pg_amproc
51.6. pg_attrdef
51.7. pg_attribute
51.8. pg_authid
51.9. pg_auth_members
51.10. pg_cast
51.11. pg_class
51.12. pg_collation
51.13. pg_constraint
51.14. pg_conversion
51.15. pg_database
51.16. pg_db_role_setting
51.17. pg_default_acl
51.18. pg_depend
51.19. pg_description
51.20. pg_enum
51.21. pg_event_trigger
51.22. pg_extension
51.23. pg_foreign_data_wrapper
51.24. pg_foreign_server
51.25. pg_foreign_table
51.26. pg_index
51.27. pg_inherits
51.28. pg_init_privs
51.29. pg_language
51.30. pg_largeobject
51.31. pg_largeobject_metadata
51.32. pg_namespace
51.33. pg_opclass
51.34. pg_operator
51.35. pg_opfamily
51.36. pg_parameter_acl
51.37. pg_partitioned_table
51.38. pg_policy
51.39. pg_proc
51.40. pg_profile
51.41. pg_publication
51.42. pg_publication_namespace
51.43. pg_publication_rel
51.44. pg_range
51.45. pg_replication_origin
51.46. pg_rewrite
51.47. pg_role_password
51.48. pg_seclabel
51.49. pg_sequence
51.50. pg_shdepend
51.51. pg_shdescription
51.52. pg_shseclabel
51.53. pg_statistic
51.54. pg_statistic_ext
51.55. pg_statistic_ext_data
51.56. pg_subscription
51.57. pg_subscription_rel
51.58. pg_tablespace
51.59. pg_transform
51.60. pg_trigger
51.61. pg_ts_config
51.62. pg_ts_config_map
51.63. pg_ts_dict
51.64. pg_ts_parser
51.65. pg_ts_template
51.66. pg_type
51.67. pg_user_mapping
52. System Views
52.1. Overview
52.2. pg_available_extensions
52.3. pg_available_extension_versions
52.4. pg_backend_memory_contexts
52.5. pg_config
52.6. pg_cursors
52.7. pg_file_settings
52.8. pg_group
52.9. pg_hba_file_rules
52.10. pg_ident_file_mappings
52.11. pg_indexes
52.12. pg_locks
52.13. pg_matviews
52.14. pg_policies
52.15. pg_prepared_statements
52.16. pg_prepared_xacts
52.17. pg_publication_tables
52.18. pg_replication_origin_status
52.19. pg_replication_slots
52.20. pg_roles
52.21. pg_rules
52.22. pg_seclabels
52.23. pg_sequences
52.24. pg_settings
52.25. pg_shadow
52.26. pg_shmem_allocations
52.27. pg_stats
52.28. pg_stats_ext
52.29. pg_stats_ext_exprs
52.30. pg_tables
52.31. pg_timezone_abbrevs
52.32. pg_timezone_names
52.33. pg_user
52.34. pg_user_mappings
52.35. pg_views
53. Frontend/Backend Protocol
53.1. Overview
53.2. Message Flow
53.3. SASL Authentication
53.4. Streaming Replication Protocol
53.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol
53.6. Message Data Types
53.7. Message Formats
53.8. Error and Notice Message Fields
53.9. Logical Replication Message Formats
53.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0
54. Writing a Procedural Language Handler
55. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper
55.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions
55.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines
55.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions
55.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning
55.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers
56. Writing a Table Sampling Method
56.1. Sampling Method Support Functions
57. Writing a Custom Scan Provider
57.1. Creating Custom Scan Paths
57.2. Creating Custom Scan Plans
57.3. Executing Custom Scans
58. Genetic Query Optimizer
58.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem
58.2. Genetic Algorithms
58.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in Postgres Pro
58.4. Further Reading
59. Table Access Method Interface Definition
60. Index Access Method Interface Definition
60.1. Basic API Structure for Indexes
60.2. Index Access Method Functions
60.3. Index Scanning
60.4. Index Locking Considerations
60.5. Index Uniqueness Checks
60.6. Index Cost Estimation Functions
61. Generic WAL Records
62. Custom WAL Resource Managers
63. B-Tree Indexes
63.1. Introduction
63.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes
63.3. B-Tree Support Functions
63.4. Implementation
64. GiST Indexes
64.1. Introduction
64.2. Built-in Operator Classes
64.3. Extensibility
64.4. Implementation
64.5. Examples
65. SP-GiST Indexes
65.1. Introduction
65.2. Built-in Operator Classes
65.3. Extensibility
65.4. Implementation
66. GIN Indexes
66.1. Introduction
66.2. Built-in Operator Classes
66.3. Extensibility
66.4. Implementation
66.5. GIN Tips and Tricks
66.6. Limitations
66.7. Examples
67. BRIN Indexes
67.1. Introduction
67.2. Built-in Operator Classes
67.3. Extensibility
68. Hash Indexes
68.1. Overview
68.2. Implementation
69. Database Physical Storage
69.1. Database File Layout
69.2. TOAST
69.3. Free Space Map
69.4. Visibility Map
69.5. The Initialization Fork
69.6. Database Page Layout
69.7. Heap-Only Tuples (HOT)
70. How the Planner Uses Statistics
70.1. Row Estimation Examples
70.2. Multivariate Statistics Examples
70.3. Planner Statistics and Security
71. Backup Manifest Format
71.1. Backup Manifest Top-level Object
71.2. Backup Manifest File Object
71.3. Backup Manifest WAL Range Object