Thread: Remove configure --disable-float4-byval and --disable-float8-byval
AFAICT, these build options were only useful to maintain compatibility for version-0 functions, but those are no longer supported, so these options can be removed. There is a fair amount of code all over the place to support these options, so the cleanup is quite significant. The current behavior became the default in PG9.3. Note that this does not affect on-disk storage. The only upgrade issue that I can see is that pg_upgrade refuses to upgrade incompatible clusters if you have contrib/isn installed. But hopefully everyone who is affected by that will have upgraded at least once since PG9.2 already. float4 is now always pass-by-value; the pass-by-reference code path is completely removed. float8 and related types are now hardcoded to pass-by-value or pass-by-reference depending on whether the build is 64- or 32-bit, as was previously also the default. -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
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Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: > float4 is now always pass-by-value; the pass-by-reference code path is > completely removed. I think this is OK. > float8 and related types are now hardcoded to pass-by-value or > pass-by-reference depending on whether the build is 64- or 32-bit, as > was previously also the default. I'm less happy with doing this. It makes it impossible to test the pass-by-reference code paths without actually firing up a 32-bit environment. It'd be fine to document --disable-float8-byval as a developer-only option (it might be so already), but I don't want to lose it completely. I fail to see any advantage in getting rid of it, anyway, since we do still have to maintain both code paths. regards, tom lane
On Thu, Oct 31, 2019 at 9:36 AM Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote: > > float8 and related types are now hardcoded to pass-by-value or > > pass-by-reference depending on whether the build is 64- or 32-bit, as > > was previously also the default. > > I'm less happy with doing this. It makes it impossible to test the > pass-by-reference code paths without actually firing up a 32-bit > environment. It'd be fine to document --disable-float8-byval as > a developer-only option (it might be so already), but I don't want > to lose it completely. I fail to see any advantage in getting rid > of it, anyway, since we do still have to maintain both code paths. Could we get around this by making Datum 8 bytes everywhere? Years ago, we got rid of INT64_IS_BUSTED, so we're relying on 64-bit types working on all platforms. However, Datum on a system where pointers are only 32 bits wide is also only 32 bits wide, so we can't pass 64-bit quantities the same way we do elsewhere. But, why is the width of a Datum equal to the width of a pointer, anyway? It would surely cost something to widen 1, 2, and 4 byte quantities to 8 bytes when packing them into datums on 32-bit platforms, but (1) we've long since accepted that cost on 64-bit platforms, (2) it would save palloc/pfree cycles when packing 8 byte quantities into 4-byte values, (3) 32-bit platforms are now marginal and performance on those platforms is not critical, and (4) it would simplify a lot of code and reduce future bugs. On a related note, why do we store typbyval in the catalog anyway instead of inferring it from typlen and maybe typalign? It seems like a bad idea to record on disk the way we pass around values in memory, because it means that a change to how values are passed around in memory has ramifications for on-disk compatibility. rhaas=# select typname, typlen, typbyval, typalign from pg_type where typlen in (1,2,4,8) != typbyval; typname | typlen | typbyval | typalign ----------+--------+----------+---------- macaddr8 | 8 | f | i (1 row) -- Robert Haas EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 7:41 AM Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote: > Could we get around this by making Datum 8 bytes everywhere? I really like that idea. Even Raspberry Pi devices (which can cost as little as $35) use 64-bit ARM processors. It's abundantly clear that 32-bit platforms do not matter enough to justify keeping all the SIZEOF_DATUM crud around. -- Peter Geoghegan
Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> writes: > On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 7:41 AM Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote: >> Could we get around this by making Datum 8 bytes everywhere? > I really like that idea. > Even Raspberry Pi devices (which can cost as little as $35) use 64-bit > ARM processors. It's abundantly clear that 32-bit platforms do not > matter enough to justify keeping all the SIZEOF_DATUM crud around. This line of argument seems to me to be the moral equivalent of "let's drop 32-bit support altogether". I'm not entirely on board with that. Certainly, a lot of the world is 64-bit these days, but people are still building small systems and they might want a database; preferably one that hasn't been detuned to the extent that it barely manages to run at all on such a platform. Making a whole lot of internal APIs 64-bit would be a pretty big hit for a 32-bit platform --- more instructions, more memory consumed for things like Datum arrays, all in a memory space that's not that big. It seems especially insane to conclude that we should pull the plug on such use-cases just to get rid of one obscure configure option. If we were expending any significant devel effort on supporting 32-bit platforms, I might be ready to drop support, but we're not. (Robert's proposal looks to me like it's actually creating new work to do, not saving work.) regards, tom lane
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 11:00 AM Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote: > This line of argument seems to me to be the moral equivalent of > "let's drop 32-bit support altogether". I'm not entirely on board > with that. I don't think that those two things are equivalent at all. There may even be workloads that will benefit when run on 32-bit hardware. Having to palloc() and pfree() with 8 byte integers is probably very slow. > Certainly, a lot of the world is 64-bit these days, > but people are still building small systems and they might want > a database; preferably one that hasn't been detuned to the extent > that it barely manages to run at all on such a platform. Even the very low end is 64-bit these days. $100 smartphones have 64-bit CPUs and 4GB of ram. AFAICT, anything still being produced that is recognizable as a general purpose CPU (e.g. by having virtual memory) is 64-bit. We're talking about a change that can't affect users until late 2020 at the earliest. I accept that there are some number of users that still have 32-bit Postgres installations, probably because they happened to have a 32-bit machine close at hand. The economics of running a database server on a 32-bit machine are already awful, though. > It seems especially insane to conclude that we should pull the plug > on such use-cases just to get rid of one obscure configure option. > If we were expending any significant devel effort on supporting > 32-bit platforms, I might be ready to drop support, but we're not. > (Robert's proposal looks to me like it's actually creating new work > to do, not saving work.) The mental burden of considering "SIZEOF_DATUM == 4" and "USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL" is a real cost for us. We maintain non-trivial 32-bit only code for numeric abbreviated keys. We also have to worry about pfree()'ing memory when USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL within heapam_index_validate_scan(). How confident are we that there isn't some place that leaks memory on !USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL builds because somebody forgot to add a pfree() in an #ifdef block? -- Peter Geoghegan
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 3:15 PM Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> wrote: > I don't think that those two things are equivalent at all. There may > even be workloads that will benefit when run on 32-bit hardware. > Having to palloc() and pfree() with 8 byte integers is probably very > slow. Yeah! I mean, users who are using only 4-byte or smaller pass-by-value quantities will be harmed, especially in cases where they are storing a lot of them at the same time (e.g. sorting) and especially if they double their space consumption and run out of their very limited supply of memory. Those are all worthwhile considerations and perhaps strong arguments against my proposal. But, people using 8-byte oughta-be-pass-by-value quantities are certainly being harmed by the present system. It's not a black-and-white thing, like, oh, 8-byte datums on 32-bit system is awful all the time. Or at least, I don't think it is. > The mental burden of considering "SIZEOF_DATUM == 4" and > "USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL" is a real cost for us. We maintain non-trivial > 32-bit only code for numeric abbreviated keys. We also have to worry > about pfree()'ing memory when USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL within > heapam_index_validate_scan(). How confident are we that there isn't > some place that leaks memory on !USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL builds because > somebody forgot to add a pfree() in an #ifdef block? Yeah, I've had to fight with this multiple times, and so have other people. It's a nuisance, and it causes bugs, certainly in draft patches, sometimes in committed ones. It's not "free." If it's a cost worth paying, ok, but is it? -- Robert Haas EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 1:19 PM Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote: > Yeah! I mean, users who are using only 4-byte or smaller pass-by-value > quantities will be harmed, especially in cases where they are storing > a lot of them at the same time (e.g. sorting) and especially if they > double their space consumption and run out of their very limited > supply of memory. I think that you meant treble, not double. You're forgetting about the palloc() header overhead. ;-) Doing even slightly serious work on a 32-bit machine is penny wise and pound foolish. I also believe that we should support minority platforms reasonably well, including 32-bit platforms, because it's always a good idea to try to meet people where they are. Your proposal doesn't seem like it really gives up on that goal. > Those are all worthwhile considerations and perhaps > strong arguments against my proposal. But, people using 8-byte > oughta-be-pass-by-value quantities are certainly being harmed by the > present system. It's not a black-and-white thing, like, oh, 8-byte > datums on 32-bit system is awful all the time. Or at least, I don't > think it is. Right. > Yeah, I've had to fight with this multiple times, and so have other > people. It's a nuisance, and it causes bugs, certainly in draft > patches, sometimes in committed ones. It's not "free." If it's a cost > worth paying, ok, but is it? #ifdef crud is something that we should go out of our way to eliminate on general principle. All good portable C codebases go to great lengths to encapsulate platform differences, if necessary by adding a compatibility layer. One of the worst things about the OpenSSL codebase is that it makes writing portable code everybody's problem. -- Peter Geoghegan
On Fri, Nov 01, 2019 at 02:00:10PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> writes: >> Even Raspberry Pi devices (which can cost as little as $35) use 64-bit >> ARM processors. It's abundantly clear that 32-bit platforms do not >> matter enough to justify keeping all the SIZEOF_DATUM crud around. > > This line of argument seems to me to be the moral equivalent of > "let's drop 32-bit support altogether". I'm not entirely on board > with that. Certainly, a lot of the world is 64-bit these days, > but people are still building small systems and they might want > a database; preferably one that hasn't been detuned to the extent > that it barely manages to run at all on such a platform. Making > a whole lot of internal APIs 64-bit would be a pretty big hit for > a 32-bit platform --- more instructions, more memory consumed for > things like Datum arrays, all in a memory space that's not that big. I don't agree as well with the line of arguments to just remove 32b support. The newest models of PI indeed use 64b ARM processors, but the first model, as well as the PI zero are on 32b if I recall correctly, and I would like to believe that these are still widely used. -- Michael
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On 2019-11-02 11:47:26 +0900, Michael Paquier wrote: > On Fri, Nov 01, 2019 at 02:00:10PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> writes: > >> Even Raspberry Pi devices (which can cost as little as $35) use 64-bit > >> ARM processors. It's abundantly clear that 32-bit platforms do not > >> matter enough to justify keeping all the SIZEOF_DATUM crud around. > > > > This line of argument seems to me to be the moral equivalent of > > "let's drop 32-bit support altogether". I'm not entirely on board > > with that. Certainly, a lot of the world is 64-bit these days, > > but people are still building small systems and they might want > > a database; preferably one that hasn't been detuned to the extent > > that it barely manages to run at all on such a platform. Making > > a whole lot of internal APIs 64-bit would be a pretty big hit for > > a 32-bit platform --- more instructions, more memory consumed for > > things like Datum arrays, all in a memory space that's not that big. > > I don't agree as well with the line of arguments to just remove 32b > support. Nobody is actually proposing that, as far as I can tell? I mean, by all means argue that the overhead is too high, but just claiming that slowing down 32bit systems by a measurable fraction is morally equivalent to removing 32bit support seems pointlessly facetious. Greetings, Andres Freund
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 7:47 PM Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> wrote: > > This line of argument seems to me to be the moral equivalent of > > "let's drop 32-bit support altogether". I'm not entirely on board > > with that. Certainly, a lot of the world is 64-bit these days, > > but people are still building small systems and they might want > > a database; preferably one that hasn't been detuned to the extent > > that it barely manages to run at all on such a platform. Making > > a whole lot of internal APIs 64-bit would be a pretty big hit for > > a 32-bit platform --- more instructions, more memory consumed for > > things like Datum arrays, all in a memory space that's not that big. > > I don't agree as well with the line of arguments to just remove 32b > support. Clearly you didn't read what I actually wrote, Michael. -- Peter Geoghegan
On 2019-10-31 14:36, Tom Lane wrote: > Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: >> float4 is now always pass-by-value; the pass-by-reference code path is >> completely removed. > > I think this is OK. OK, here is a patch for just this part, and we can continue the discussion on the rest in the meantime. -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
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On 2019-11-01 15:41, Robert Haas wrote: > On a related note, why do we store typbyval in the catalog anyway > instead of inferring it from typlen and maybe typalign? It seems like > a bad idea to record on disk the way we pass around values in memory, > because it means that a change to how values are passed around in > memory has ramifications for on-disk compatibility. This sounds interesting. It would remove a pg_upgrade hazard (in the long run). There is some backward compatibility to be concerned about. This change would require extension authors to change their code to insert #ifdef USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL or similar, where currently their code might only support one method or the other. > rhaas=# select typname, typlen, typbyval, typalign from pg_type where > typlen in (1,2,4,8) != typbyval; There are also typlen=6 types. Who knew. ;-) > typname | typlen | typbyval | typalign > ----------+--------+----------+---------- > macaddr8 | 8 | f | i > (1 row) This might be a case of the above issue: It's easier to just make it pass by reference always than deal with a bunch of #ifdefs. -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: > On 2019-11-01 15:41, Robert Haas wrote: >> On a related note, why do we store typbyval in the catalog anyway >> instead of inferring it from typlen and maybe typalign? It seems like >> a bad idea to record on disk the way we pass around values in memory, >> because it means that a change to how values are passed around in >> memory has ramifications for on-disk compatibility. > This sounds interesting. It would remove a pg_upgrade hazard (in the > long run). > There is some backward compatibility to be concerned about. Yeah. The point here is that typbyval specifies what the C functions concerned with the datatype are expecting. We can't just up and say "we're going to decide that for you". I do get the point that supporting two different typbyval options for float8 and related types is a nontrivial cost. regards, tom lane
Hi, On 2019-11-02 08:46:12 +0100, Peter Eisentraut wrote: > On 2019-11-01 15:41, Robert Haas wrote: > > On a related note, why do we store typbyval in the catalog anyway > > instead of inferring it from typlen and maybe typalign? It seems like > > a bad idea to record on disk the way we pass around values in memory, > > because it means that a change to how values are passed around in > > memory has ramifications for on-disk compatibility. > > This sounds interesting. It would remove a pg_upgrade hazard (in the long > run). > > There is some backward compatibility to be concerned about. This change > would require extension authors to change their code to insert #ifdef > USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL or similar, where currently their code might only support > one method or the other. I think we really ought to remove the difference behind macros. That is, for types that could be either, provide macros that fetch function arguments into local memory, independent of whether the argument is a byval or byref type. I.e. instead of having separate #ifdef USE_FLOAT8_BYVALs for DatumGetFloat8(), DatumGetInt64(), ... we should provide that logic in one centralized set of macros. The fact that USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL has to creep into various functions imo is the reasons why people are unhappy about it. One way to do this would be something roughly like this sketch: /* allow to force types to be byref, for testing purposes */ #if USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL #define DatumForTypeIsByval(type) (sizeof(type) <= SIZEOF_DATUM) #else #define DatumForTypeIsByval(type) (sizeof(type) <= sizeof(int)) #endif /* yes, I dream of being C++ once grown up */ #define DefineSmallFixedWidthDatumTypeConversions(type, TypeToDatumName, DatumToTypeName) \ static inline type \ TypeToDatumName (type value) \ { \ if (DatumForTypeIsByval(type)) \ { \ Datum tmp; \ \ /* ensure correct conversion, consider e.g. float */ \ memcpy(&tmp, &value, sizeof(type)); \ \ return tmp; \ } \ else \ { \ type *tmp = (type *) palloc(sizeof(datum)); \ *tmp = value; return PointerGetDatum(tmp); \ } \ } \ \ static inline type \ DatumToTypeName (Datum datum) \ { \ if (DatumForTypeIsByval(type)) \ { \ type tmp; \ \ /* ensure correct conversion */ \ memcpy(&tmp, &datum, sizeof(type)); \ \ return tmp; \ } \ else \ return *(type *) DatumGetPointer(type); \ } \ And then have DefineSmallFixedWidthDatumTypeConversions( float8, Float8GetDatum, DatumGetFloat8); DefineSmallFixedWidthDatumTypeConversions( int64, Int64GetDatum, DatumGetInt64); And now also DefineSmallFixedWidthDatumTypeConversions( macaddr, Macaddr8GetDatum, DatumGetMacaddr8); (there's probably plenty of bugs in the above, it's just a sketch) We don't have to break types / extensions with inferring byval for fixed width types. Instead we can change CREATE TYPE's PASSEDBYVALUE to accept an optional parameter 'auto', allowing to opt in. > > rhaas=# select typname, typlen, typbyval, typalign from pg_type where > > typlen in (1,2,4,8) != typbyval; > > There are also typlen=6 types. Who knew. ;-) There's a recent thread about them :) > > typname | typlen | typbyval | typalign > > ----------+--------+----------+---------- > > macaddr8 | 8 | f | i > > (1 row) > > This might be a case of the above issue: It's easier to just make it pass by > reference always than deal with a bunch of #ifdefs. Indeed. And that's a bad sign imo. Greetings, Andres Freund
On Fri, Nov 01, 2019 at 09:41:58PM -0700, Peter Geoghegan wrote: > On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 7:47 PM Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> wrote: >> I don't agree as well with the line of arguments to just remove 32b >> support. > > Clearly you didn't read what I actually wrote, Michael. Sorry, that was an misunderstanding from my side. -- Michael
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On Sat, Nov 2, 2019 at 8:00 PM Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> wrote: > I think we really ought to remove the difference behind macros. That is, > for types that could be either, provide macros that fetch function > arguments into local memory, independent of whether the argument is a > byval or byref type. I.e. instead of having separate #ifdef > USE_FLOAT8_BYVALs for DatumGetFloat8(), DatumGetInt64(), ... we should > provide that logic in one centralized set of macros. > > The fact that USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL has to creep into various functions imo > is the reasons why people are unhappy about it. I think I'm *more* unhappy about the fact that it affects a bunch of things that are not about whether float8 is passed byval. I mean, you mention DatumGetInt64() above, but why in the world does a setting with "float8" in the name affect how we pass int64? The thing is like kudzu, getting into all sorts of things that it has no business affecting - at least if you judge by the name - and for no really clear reason. -- Robert Haas EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
On 2019-11-02 08:39, Peter Eisentraut wrote: > On 2019-10-31 14:36, Tom Lane wrote: >> Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: >>> float4 is now always pass-by-value; the pass-by-reference code path is >>> completely removed. >> >> I think this is OK. > > OK, here is a patch for just this part, and we can continue the > discussion on the rest in the meantime. I have committed this part. I will rebase and continue developing the rest of the patches based on the discussion so far. -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
On Thu, Nov 21, 2019 at 07:20:28PM +0100, Peter Eisentraut wrote: > I have committed this part. > > I will rebase and continue developing the rest of the patches based on the > discussion so far. Based on that I am marking the patch as committed in the CF. The rest of the patch set could have a new entry. -- Michael
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My revised proposal is to remove --disable-float8-byval as a configure option but keep it as an option in pg_config_manual.h. It is no longer useful as a user-facing option, but as was pointed out, it is somewhat useful for developers, so pg_config_manual.h seems like the right place. -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
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Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: > My revised proposal is to remove --disable-float8-byval as a configure > option but keep it as an option in pg_config_manual.h. It is no longer > useful as a user-facing option, but as was pointed out, it is somewhat > useful for developers, so pg_config_manual.h seems like the right place. OK, works for me. regards, tom lane
On 2019-11-26 21:33, Tom Lane wrote: > Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> writes: >> My revised proposal is to remove --disable-float8-byval as a configure >> option but keep it as an option in pg_config_manual.h. It is no longer >> useful as a user-facing option, but as was pointed out, it is somewhat >> useful for developers, so pg_config_manual.h seems like the right place. > > OK, works for me. done -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 1:19 PM Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote: > On Fri, Nov 1, 2019 at 3:15 PM Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> wrote: > > I don't think that those two things are equivalent at all. There may > > even be workloads that will benefit when run on 32-bit hardware. > > Having to palloc() and pfree() with 8 byte integers is probably very > > slow. > > Yeah! I mean, users who are using only 4-byte or smaller pass-by-value > quantities will be harmed, especially in cases where they are storing > a lot of them at the same time (e.g. sorting) and especially if they > double their space consumption and run out of their very limited > supply of memory. Apparently Linux has almost no upstream resources for testing 32-bit x86, and it shows: https://lwn.net/ml/oss-security/CALCETrW1z0gCLFJz-1Jwj_wcT3+axXkP_wOCxY8JkbSLzV80GA@mail.gmail.com/ I think that this kind of thing argues for minimizing the amount of code that can only be tested on a small minority of the computers that are in general use today. If no Postgres hacker regularly runs the code, then its chances of having bugs are far higher. Having coverage in the buildfarm certainly helps, but it's no substitute. Sticking with the !USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL example, it's easy to imagine somebody forgetting to add a !USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL block, that contains the required pfree(). Now you have a memory leak that only affects a small minority of platforms. How likely is it that buildfarm coverage will help somebody detect that problem? -- Peter Geoghegan
On 2019-12-12 23:06, Peter Geoghegan wrote: > Apparently Linux has almost no upstream resources for testing 32-bit > x86, and it shows: But isn't 32-bit Windows still a thing? Or does that work differently? -- Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/ PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services
On Fri, Dec 13, 2019 at 6:33 AM Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@2ndquadrant.com> wrote: > On 2019-12-12 23:06, Peter Geoghegan wrote: > > Apparently Linux has almost no upstream resources for testing 32-bit > > x86, and it shows: > > But isn't 32-bit Windows still a thing? Or does that work differently? Well, again, I think the proposal here is not get rid of 32-bit support, but to have less code that only gets regularly tested on 32-bit machines. If we made datums 8 bytes everywhere, we would have less such code, and very likely fewer bugs. And as pointed out upthread, although some things might perform worse for the remaining supply of 32-bit users, other things might perform better. I'm not 100% sure that it would work out to a win overall, but I think there's a good chance, especially when you factor in the reduced bug surface. -- Robert Haas EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> writes: > Well, again, I think the proposal here is not get rid of 32-bit > support, but to have less code that only gets regularly tested on > 32-bit machines. That seems like generally a good plan. But as to the specific idea... > If we made datums 8 bytes everywhere, we would have > less such code, and very likely fewer bugs. ... it's not entirely clear to me that it'd be possible to do this without causing a storm of "cast from pointer to integer of different size" (and vice versa) warnings on 32-bit machines. That would be a deal-breaker independently of any performance considerations, IMO. So if anyone wants to pursue this, finding a way around that might be the first thing to look at. regards, tom lane