Thread: Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log
Hello, I have several software products which use PostgreSQL as a data repository and embed the same PostgreSQL binaries. Currently, those software support Linux. I'm trying to port them to Windows. I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all of my products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one product and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in postgresql.conf. On the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL instances use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set event source. As I'm a newbie and this is my first proposal, I might behave inappropriately in the development process. Please point out if you notice I should act better. I've read the following site. Development information http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Developer_and_Contributor_Resources Functional specification ======================================== [Current usage] To enable event logging: 1. Register the event source "PostgreSQL" with the registry: c:\> regsvr32.exe <path of pgevent.dll> 2. Add 'eventlog' to log_destination parameter. To disable event logging: 1. Remove 'eventlog' from log_destination parameter. 2. Deregister the event source "PostgreSQL" from the registry. c:\> regsvr32.exe /u <path of pgevent.dll> [New usage] To use the default event source "PostgreSQL", the usage is the same as now. To use other event sources, add a bit of information. To enable event logging: 1. Register the event source with the registry: c:\> regsvr32.exe /i:<event source> <path of pgevent.dll> ex. To register "MyApp" event source: c:\> regsvr32.exe /i:"MyApp" pgevent.dll 2. Add 'eventlog' to log_destination parameter. 3. Name the event source with the new "event_source" parameter of postgresql.conf. ex. event_source = 'MyApp' To disable event logging: 1. Remove event_source parameter. 2. Remove 'eventlog' from log_destination parameter. 3. Deregister the event source from the registry. c:\> regsvr32.exe /u /i:<event source> <path of pgevent.dll> ex. To deregister "MyApp" event source: c:\> regsvr32.exe /u /i:"MyApp" pgevent.dll <<Considerations>> Is it better to have one parameter for syslog program name and event source, instead of having both syslog_ident and event_source? If it is, what name is good for the parameter? How about "program_name"? ex. program_name = 'MyApp' In this case, the traditional syslog_ident parameter is kept as an alias for backward compatibility, like the relationship between work_mem and sort_mem. If we have syslog_ident and event_source parameters separately, we will probably end up in having similar functions as follows: guc.c: assign_syslog_ident() and assign_event_source() elog.c: set_syslog_parameters() and set_eventlog_parameters() Does the community prefer separate parameters for each purpose (syslog and event log) at the expense of a bit duplicate code, or one unified parameter (program_name) with less code? I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in 9.1. Regards MauMau
Re: Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log
From
Andrew Dunstan
Date:
On 03/22/2011 08:22 AM, MauMau wrote: > Hello, > > I have several software products which use PostgreSQL as a data > repository and embed the same PostgreSQL binaries. Currently, those > software support Linux. I'm trying to port them to Windows. > > I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all > of my products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log > messages in syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages > of one product and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in > postgresql.conf. On the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of > the PostgreSQL instances use the same fixed event source name > "PostgreSQL". > > SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set > event source. As I'm a newbie and this is my first proposal, I might > behave inappropriately in the development process. Please point out if > you notice I should act better. I've read the following site. > > Development information > http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Developer_and_Contributor_Resources > > > Functional specification > ======================================== > > [Current usage] > To enable event logging: > 1. Register the event source "PostgreSQL" with the registry: > c:\> regsvr32.exe <path of pgevent.dll> > 2. Add 'eventlog' to log_destination parameter. > > To disable event logging: > 1. Remove 'eventlog' from log_destination parameter. > 2. Deregister the event source "PostgreSQL" from the registry. > c:\> regsvr32.exe /u <path of pgevent.dll> > > [New usage] > To use the default event source "PostgreSQL", the usage is the same as > now. To use other event sources, add a bit of information. > > To enable event logging: > 1. Register the event source with the registry: > c:\> regsvr32.exe /i:<event source> <path of pgevent.dll> > ex. To register "MyApp" event source: > c:\> regsvr32.exe /i:"MyApp" pgevent.dll > 2. Add 'eventlog' to log_destination parameter. > 3. Name the event source with the new "event_source" parameter of > postgresql.conf. > ex. > event_source = 'MyApp' > > To disable event logging: > 1. Remove event_source parameter. > 2. Remove 'eventlog' from log_destination parameter. > 3. Deregister the event source from the registry. > c:\> regsvr32.exe /u /i:<event source> <path of pgevent.dll> > ex. To deregister "MyApp" event source: > c:\> regsvr32.exe /u /i:"MyApp" pgevent.dll > > > <<Considerations>> > Is it better to have one parameter for syslog program name and event > source, instead of having both syslog_ident and event_source? > If it is, what name is good for the parameter? How about "program_name"? > ex. > program_name = 'MyApp' > In this case, the traditional syslog_ident parameter is kept as an > alias for backward compatibility, like the relationship between > work_mem and sort_mem. > > If we have syslog_ident and event_source parameters separately, we > will probably end up in having similar functions as follows: > guc.c: assign_syslog_ident() and assign_event_source() > elog.c: set_syslog_parameters() and set_eventlog_parameters() > > Does the community prefer separate parameters for each purpose (syslog > and event log) at the expense of a bit duplicate code, or one unified > parameter (program_name) with less code? > > I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch > while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I > could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in 9.1. > > It's a good idea, but 9.1 has been closed for new features for some time. This would have to wait for 9.2 I believe. cheers andrew
"MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: > I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all of my > products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in > syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one product > and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in postgresql.conf. On > the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL instances > use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". > SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set event > source. I'm a bit concerned by the fact that this seems to require global actions to be taken (registering/deregistering) when a GUC value changes. That's going to cause headaches, not least because you cannot assume that the value changes synchronously across all Postgres processes. Maybe that's only an artifact of the way you worded this and not a real requirement ... but if it is a requirement you should think about how to avoid it. If you can't avoid it then most likely the event name is going to have to be PGC_POSTMASTER, ie not changeable after startup. Also, what happens if we fail to deregister because of crashing? > Is it better to have one parameter for syslog program name and event source, > instead of having both syslog_ident and event_source? I don't like aliases for GUC variables, and in any case I think it'd be confusing to force both usages to share a name that's not particularly appropriate for either one alone. So personally, -1 for unifying those. Others might see it differently though. > I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch while > I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I could contribute > to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in 9.1. As Andrew said, it's way too late for 9.1. Plenty of time to work on it for 9.2 though. regards, tom lane
I'm sorry that I've mistakenly sent an empty mail. This is the intended mail. "Andrew Dunstan" <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote in message news:4D889879.3080705@dunslane.net... > > On 03/22/2011 08:22 AM, MauMau wrote: >> I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch >> while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I >> could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in 9.1. >> >> > > It's a good idea, but 9.1 has been closed for new features for some > time. This would have to wait for 9.2 I believe. > > cheers > > andrew > OK. I'll try to make a patch for 9.2, considering Tom's advice and opinion. By that time, I will learn more about PostgreSQL design and source code. I seem to have misunderstood the commit fest. I've re-read the development info, and my corrected understanding related to the development cycle is as follows: According to the following two pages, now is the commit fest 5. The current commit fest will end on April 15. I would be grateful if you could tell me where I can find out that 9.1 is closed for new features. PostgreSQL 9.1 Development Plan http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PostgreSQL_9.1_Development_Plan CommitFest 2011-Next (Open) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/commitfest_view?id=10 Now that the next alpha 5 seems to be the last alpha release for 9.1, and considering the following description, how should I behave? I don't want to interrupt your work for release of 9.1. -------------------------------------------------- Submitting a Patch http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Submitting_a_Patch Submission timing ...PostgreSQL development is also organized with periodic CommitFests, which are periods where new development halts in order to focus on patch review and committing. It's best if you can avoid sending in a new patch during the occasional weeks when there is an active CommitFest; you can check the schedule via the CommitFest application. If your schedule doesn't allow waiting until an active CommitFest is over, you should explicitly label your submission as intended for the next CommitFest, not the current one, so that it's clear it's not intended to be part of the active review process. -------------------------------------------------- I think the actions I should take are as follows. What is the order of preference? 1. Wait until the end of current commit fest (possibly April 15), and continue the discussion and patch submission. 2. Continue the discussion on the func spec and reach agreement as it seems relatively trivial, but refrain from submitting the patch until the end of the current commit fest (April 15). 3. Continue the discussion on the func spec and reach agreement as it seems relatively trivial, and submit the patch to pgsql-hackers and register it with the current commit fest page. However, the register patch will be transferred to the first commit fest page for 9.2? 4. Wait until the beginning of 9.2 development and continue the discussion and patch submission. (But when is it? How can I catch the timing efficiently?) Regards MauMau
Re: Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log
From
Andrew Dunstan
Date:
On 03/22/2011 11:35 AM, MauMau wrote: > I'm sorry that I've mistakenly sent an empty mail. This is the > intended mail. > > "Andrew Dunstan" <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote in message > news:4D889879.3080705@dunslane.net... >> >> On 03/22/2011 08:22 AM, MauMau wrote: >>> I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch >>> while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I >>> could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in >>> 9.1. >>> >>> >> >> It's a good idea, but 9.1 has been closed for new features for some >> time. This would have to wait for 9.2 I believe. >> >> cheers >> >> andrew >> > > OK. I'll try to make a patch for 9.2, considering Tom's advice and > opinion. By that time, I will learn more about PostgreSQL design and > source code. > > I seem to have misunderstood the commit fest. I've re-read the > development info, and my corrected understanding related to the > development cycle is as follows: > > According to the following two pages, now is the commit fest 5. The > current commit fest will end on April 15. I would be grateful if you > could tell me where I can find out that 9.1 is closed for new features. > > PostgreSQL 9.1 Development Plan > http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PostgreSQL_9.1_Development_Plan > > CommitFest 2011-Next (Open) > https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/commitfest_view?id=10 The last commitfest for this development cycle opened on January 15th, as shown in the first URL above, so that was the last date for submitting items for 9.1 Any items in the next commitfest are for 9.2, and that is the place to submit your item when you have a patch. There is no currently running commitfest. cheers andrew
Re: Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log
From
"Deep-Impact"
Date:
I'm sorry that I've mistakenly sent an empty mail. This is the intended mail. "Andrew Dunstan" <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote in message news:4D889879.3080705@dunslane.net... > > On 03/22/2011 08:22 AM, MauMau wrote: >> I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch >> while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I >> could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in 9.1. >> >> > > It's a good idea, but 9.1 has been closed for new features for some > time. This would have to wait for 9.2 I believe. > > cheers > > andrew > OK. I'll try to make a patch for 9.2, considering Tom's advice and opinion. By that time, I will learn more about PostgreSQL design and source code. I seem to have misunderstood the commit fest. I've re-read the development info, and my corrected understanding related to the development cycle is as follows: According to the following two pages, now is the commit fest 5. The current commit fest will end on April 15. I would be grateful if you could tell me where I can find out that 9.1 is closed for new features. PostgreSQL 9.1 Development Plan http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PostgreSQL_9.1_Development_Plan CommitFest 2011-Next (Open) https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/commitfest_view?id=10 Now that the next alpha 5 seems to be the last alpha release for 9.1, and considering the following description, how should I behave? I don't want to interrupt your work for release of 9.1. -------------------------------------------------- Submitting a Patch http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Submitting_a_Patch Submission timing ...PostgreSQL development is also organized with periodic CommitFests, which are periods where new development halts in order to focus on patch review and committing. It's best if you can avoid sending in a new patch during the occasional weeks when there is an active CommitFest; you can check the schedule via the CommitFest application. If your schedule doesn't allow waiting until an active CommitFest is over, you should explicitly label your submission as intended for the next CommitFest, not the current one, so that it's clear it's not intended to be part of the active review process. -------------------------------------------------- I think the actions I should take are as follows. What is the order of preference? 1. Wait until the end of current commit fest (possibly April 15), and continue the discussion and patch submission. 2. Continue the discussion on the func spec and reach agreement as it seems relatively trivial, but refrain from submitting the patch until the end of the current commit fest (April 15). 3. Continue the discussion on the func spec and reach agreement as it seems relatively trivial, and submit the patch to pgsql-hackers and register it with the current commit fest page. However, the register patch will be transferred to the first commit fest page for 9.2? 4. Wait until the beginning of 9.2 development and continue the discussion and patch submission. (But when is it? How can I catch the timing efficiently?) Regards MauMau
Re: Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log
From
Bruce Momjian
Date:
Added to TODO list: Allow multiple Postgres clusters running on the same machine todistinguish themselves in the event loghttp://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2011-03/msg01297.php --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Andrew Dunstan wrote: > > > On 03/22/2011 11:35 AM, MauMau wrote: > > I'm sorry that I've mistakenly sent an empty mail. This is the > > intended mail. > > > > "Andrew Dunstan" <andrew@dunslane.net> wrote in message > > news:4D889879.3080705@dunslane.net... > >> > >> On 03/22/2011 08:22 AM, MauMau wrote: > >>> I would appreciate your opinions and advice. I'll try making the patch > >>> while I'm waiting for response. I would be very much pleased if I > >>> could contribute to PostgreSQL and my proposal could be included in > >>> 9.1. > >>> > >>> > >> > >> It's a good idea, but 9.1 has been closed for new features for some > >> time. This would have to wait for 9.2 I believe. > >> > >> cheers > >> > >> andrew > >> > > > > OK. I'll try to make a patch for 9.2, considering Tom's advice and > > opinion. By that time, I will learn more about PostgreSQL design and > > source code. > > > > I seem to have misunderstood the commit fest. I've re-read the > > development info, and my corrected understanding related to the > > development cycle is as follows: > > > > According to the following two pages, now is the commit fest 5. The > > current commit fest will end on April 15. I would be grateful if you > > could tell me where I can find out that 9.1 is closed for new features. > > > > PostgreSQL 9.1 Development Plan > > http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PostgreSQL_9.1_Development_Plan > > > > CommitFest 2011-Next (Open) > > https://commitfest.postgresql.org/action/commitfest_view?id=10 > > > The last commitfest for this development cycle opened on January 15th, > as shown in the first URL above, so that was the last date for > submitting items for 9.1 Any items in the next commitfest are for 9.2, > and that is the place to submit your item when you have a patch. There > is no currently running commitfest. > > cheers > > andrew > > > > -- > Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org) > To make changes to your subscription: > http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> http://momjian.us EnterpriseDB http://enterprisedb.com + It's impossible for everything to be true. +
From: "Tom Lane" <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> > "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >> I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all of >> my >> products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in >> syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one product >> and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in postgresql.conf. >> On >> the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL >> instances >> use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". > >> SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set event >> source. > > I'm a bit concerned by the fact that this seems to require global > actions to be taken (registering/deregistering) when a GUC value > changes. That's going to cause headaches, not least because you cannot > assume that the value changes synchronously across all Postgres > processes. Maybe that's only an artifact of the way you worded this and > not a real requirement ... but if it is a requirement you should think > about how to avoid it. If you can't avoid it then most likely the event > name is going to have to be PGC_POSTMASTER, ie not changeable after > startup. Also, what happens if we fail to deregister because of > crashing? > >> Is it better to have one parameter for syslog program name and event >> source, >> instead of having both syslog_ident and event_source? > > I don't like aliases for GUC variables, and in any case I think it'd be > confusing to force both usages to share a name that's not particularly > appropriate for either one alone. So personally, -1 for unifying those. > Others might see it differently though. Considering Tom's advice, I'll make a patch as follows: 1. Create a new GUC variable called event_source and don't touch anything with the existing syslog_ident. 2. Make event_source PGC_POSTMASTER at first because I don't think it is not a requirement to change the event source name while PostgreSQL server is active. > Also, what happens if we fail to deregister because of > crashing? The registration/deregistration is performed separately from PostgreSQL's start/stop, so there is no concern about this. Please see "Registering eventlog on Windows" on the page below: Installation Procedure http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/install-procedure.html In fact, I've almost finished writing the program patch and testing. However, I'd like to ask for your opinions about a few things before completing and submitting the patch. 1. Documentation Currently, the event Source registration is described on the above page. However, many of my colleagues fail to find the article. They use PostgreSQL as one of many software and don't fully read the manual. I wonder if it would be better to put the article on the following section, because this is in the chapter about installation on Windows: 16.1.4. Cleaning and installing http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/install-windows-full.html or: Post-Installation Setup http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/install-post.html In addition, I think the above page should be linked from the description of log_destination parameter. 2. pg_ctl's event logging pg_ctl also logs to event log. Should pg_ctl use the event_source setting? According to the response to the bug #6011 report, pg_ctl does not need to obey the postgresql.conf setting, because postgresql.conf is for the server. However, I'm afraid that the users claim that logging with event source "PostgreSQL" instead of the event_source setting is a bug. For reference, pg_ctl uses "port" parameter in postgresql.conf. Regards, MauMau
"MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >> "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >>> I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all of >>> my >>> products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in >>> syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one product >>> and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in postgresql.conf. >>> On >>> the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL >>> instances >>> use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". >>> SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set event >>> source. BTW, what will this accomplish exactly that couldn't be accomplished by setting log_line_prefix to include the desired identifier? regards, tom lane
On Tue, May 10, 2011 at 11:55 PM, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote: > "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >>> "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >>>> I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all of >>>> my >>>> products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in >>>> syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one product >>>> and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in postgresql.conf. >>>> On >>>> the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL >>>> instances >>>> use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". > >>>> SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set event >>>> source. > > BTW, what will this accomplish exactly that couldn't be accomplished by > setting log_line_prefix to include the desired identifier? Windows uses the event source field to show where events in the logs have come from. The Event Viewer and other network management tools expect to be able to use the field for sorting and filtering etc, so having a different value for different PG instances allows those tools to distinguish between them properly. It's also useful for ISVs who may want to make an embedded PG instance used by their apps identify itself differently from other instances. -- Dave Page Blog: http://pgsnake.blogspot.com Twitter: @pgsnake EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
From: "Dave Page" <dpage@pgadmin.org> > On Tue, May 10, 2011 at 11:55 PM, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote: >> BTW, what will this accomplish exactly that couldn't be accomplished by >> setting log_line_prefix to include the desired identifier? > > Windows uses the event source field to show where events in the logs > have come from. The Event Viewer and other network management tools > expect to be able to use the field for sorting and filtering etc, so > having a different value for different PG instances allows those tools > to distinguish between them properly. It's also useful for ISVs who > may want to make an embedded PG instance used by their apps identify > itself differently from other instances. Thank you for help, Dave. The Windows Event Viewer can filter event log records with event source, computer, user, date/time, etc. but not with message body. So log_line_prefix cannot be used for filtering. Even if filtering with message body were possible, using event source field to filter applications is more natural and intuitive. I would appreciate comments from all on the following items mentioned previously. If no comments, I'll do as follows and try to submit the patch a week later or so if I have enough time. 1. Documentation Move the event log registration/deregistion article to the following section. Add a link to this article from log_destination description. 16.1.4. Cleaning and installing http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/install-windows-full.html 2. pg_ctl's event logging Do not change anything - that is, use the fixed event source "PostgreSQL". How do we explain the reason for not using event_source parameter in postgresql.conf? "postgresql.conf is for the server. pg_ctl uses the fixed event source. This is a specification. This is not a problem because starting/stopping the database/application is infrequent once the system is in steady operation." -- this may sound abrupt, though. Regards, MauMau ----- Original Message ----- From: "Dave Page" <dpage@pgadmin.org> To: "Tom Lane" <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Cc: "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com>; <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org> Sent: Wednesday, May 11, 2011 4:58 PM Subject: Re: [HACKERS] Feature proposal: distinguish each PostgreSQL instance in the event log > On Tue, May 10, 2011 at 11:55 PM, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote: >> "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >>>> "MauMau" <maumau307@gmail.com> writes: >>>>> I've encountered one problem on Windows. I need to support running all >>>>> of >>>>> my >>>>> products on one host simultaneously. Plus, I need to log messages in >>>>> syslog/event log. On Linux, I can distinguish the messages of one >>>>> product >>>>> and those of other products by setting syslog_ident in >>>>> postgresql.conf. >>>>> On >>>>> the other hand, I can't do that on Windows: all of the PostgreSQL >>>>> instances >>>>> use the same fixed event source name "PostgreSQL". >> >>>>> SO I'd like to propose a trivial feature which allows users to set >>>>> event >>>>> source. >> >> BTW, what will this accomplish exactly that couldn't be accomplished by >> setting log_line_prefix to include the desired identifier? > > Windows uses the event source field to show where events in the logs > have come from. The Event Viewer and other network management tools > expect to be able to use the field for sorting and filtering etc, so > having a different value for different PG instances allows those tools > to distinguish between them properly. It's also useful for ISVs who > may want to make an embedded PG instance used by their apps identify > itself differently from other instances. > > > -- > Dave Page > Blog: http://pgsnake.blogspot.com > Twitter: @pgsnake > > EnterpriseDB UK: http://www.enterprisedb.com > The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company >