Thread: Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

From

"Oliver Weichhold"

Date:

29 August 2008, 20:38:34

Hello

I have problem in my applications and don't know how to fix it.

This is the table and one of the indexes:

CREATE TABLE foo
(
id serial NOT NULL,
foo_name character varying(100),
realm_id integer

... and about 50 other columns
)

CREATE INDEX idx_foo_name_realm
ON foo
USING btree
(realm_id, foo_name);

Table foo contains about 8 Million Rows.

The problem:

Consider this query:

SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by foo_name LIMIT 200 OFFSET 15000

And it's execution plan:

"Limit (cost=57527.13..58294.16 rows=200 width=575) (actual time=182.302..184.971 rows=200 loops=1)"
" -> Index Scan using idx_foo_name_realm on foo (cost=0.00..62159.98 rows=16208 width=575) (actual time=0.085..166.861 rows=15200 loops=1)"
"        Index Cond: (realm_id = 228)"
"Total runtime: 185.591 ms"

And now look at this:

SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by foo_name LIMIT 200 OFFSET 15999

"Limit (cost=59601.92..59602.42 rows=200 width=575) (actual time=1069.759..1072.310 rows=200 loops=1)"
" -> Sort (cost=59561.92..59602.44 rows=16208 width=575) (actual time=929.948..1052.620 rows=16199 loops=1)"
"        Sort Key: foo_name"
"        Sort Method: external merge Disk: 8984kB"
"        -> Bitmap Heap Scan on foo (cost=306.69..54270.62 rows=16208 width=575) (actual time=9.612..235.902 rows=21788 loops=1)"
"              Recheck Cond: (realm_id = 228)"
"              -> Bitmap Index Scan on foo_realm_id (cost=0.00..302.64 rows=16208 width=0) (actual time=8.733..8.733 rows=21810 loops=1)"
"                    Index Cond: (realm_id = 228)"
"Total runtime: 1084.706 ms"

Execution time increases tenfold because postgres stopped using the index.

Can anybody explain to me what's going on and what can be done? Is this a memory problem?

Re: Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

From

"David Rowley"

Date:

30 August 2008, 01:14:38

I’m no expert at reading query plans, but I’m guessing the planner chose the other plan because your offset + limit went beyond the row estimate.

Look’s like it’s then doing a disk based sort in the other plan which probably explain why it’s slow.

Someone please correct me if I’m wrong.

Perhaps if you can spare a little more work_mem in postgesql.conf it might go back to a memory sort.

David.

-----Original Message-----
From: pgsql-general-owner@postgresql.org [mailto:pgsql-general-owner@postgresql.org] On Behalf Of Oliver Weichhold
Sent: 29 August 2008 21:38
To: pgsql-general@postgresql.org
Subject: [GENERAL] Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

Re: Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

From

"Merlin Moncure"

Date:

30 August 2008, 02:12:24

On Fri, Aug 29, 2008 at 4:38 PM, Oliver Weichhold <oliver@weichhold.com> wrote:
> Hello
>
> I have problem in my applications and don't know how to fix it.
>
> This is the table and one of the indexes:
>
> CREATE TABLE foo
> (
>   id serial NOT NULL,
>   foo_name character varying(100),
>   realm_id integer
>
>   ... and about 50 other columns
> )
>
> CREATE INDEX idx_foo_name_realm
>   ON foo
>   USING btree
>   (realm_id, foo_name);
>
> Table foo contains about 8 Million Rows.
>
>
> The problem:
>
> Consider this query:
>
> SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by foo_name LIMIT 200 OFFSET
> 15000

try this:
SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by realm_id, foo_name
LIMIT 200 OFFSET
 15000

Or even better don't use 'offset' at all.   It's simply lousy.   If
you want to skip ahead 200 rows at a time, save off the previous last
extracted rows in the app:
1st time:
select * from foo order by realm_id, foo_name limit 200;
times after that:
select * from foo where (realm_id, foo_name) > (last_realm_id,
last_foo_name) order by realm_id, foo_name limit 200;

you should be pleasantly surprised :-).  This is also a little bit
more graceful if other sessions are deleting/inserting rows while you
are browsing.

merlin

Re: Indexing problem with OFFSET LIMIT

From

Tom Lane

Date:

30 August 2008, 02:58:40

"Merlin Moncure" <mmoncure@gmail.com> writes:
> On Fri, Aug 29, 2008 at 4:38 PM, Oliver Weichhold <oliver@weichhold.com> wrote:
>> Consider this query:
>>
>> SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by foo_name LIMIT 200 OFFSET
>> 15000

> try this:
> SELECT * FROM foo WHERE realm_id = 228 order by realm_id, foo_name
> LIMIT 200 OFFSET
>  15000

> Or even better don't use 'offset' at all.   It's simply lousy.   If
> you want to skip ahead 200 rows at a time, save off the previous last
> extracted rows in the app:

Yeah, large OFFSET values are always going to suck performance-wise,
because there is no magic way to skip over those rows --- the backend
has to read them, and then throw them away internally.  Avoid OFFSET.

Aside from the type of trick Merlin mentions, have you considered using
a cursor?

            regards, tom lane