Re: Non-superuser subscription owners - Mailing list pgsql-hackers

On Mon, 2023-02-06 at 14:40 -0500, Robert Haas wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 6, 2023 at 2:18 PM Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
> wrote:
> > It's decidedly not great, yes. I don't know if it's quite a CVE
> > type issue,
> > after all, the same is true for any other type of query the
> > superuser
> > executes. But at the very least the documentation needs to be
> > better, with a
> > big red box making sure the admin is aware of the problem.
>
> I don't think that's the same thing at all. A superuser executing a
> query interactively can indeed cause all sorts of bad things to
> happen, but you don't have to log in as superuser and run DML queries
> on tables owned by unprivileged users, and you shouldn't.

There are two questions:

1. Is the security situation with logical replication bad? Yes. You
nicely summarized just how bad.

2. Is it the same situation as accessing a table owned by a user you
don't absolutely trust?

Regardless of how the second question is answered, it won't diminish
your point that logical replication is in a bad state. If another
situation is also bad, we should fix that too.

And I think the DML situation is really bad, too. Anyone reading our
documentation would find extensive explanations about GRANT/REVOKE, and
puzzle over the fine details of exactly how much they trust user foo.
Do I trust foo enough for WITH GRANT OPTION? Does foo really need to
see all of the columns of this table, or just a subset?

But there's no obvious mention that user foo must trust you absolutely
in order to exercise the GRANT at all, because you (as table owner) can
trivially cause foo to execute arbitrary code. There's no warning or
hint or suggestion at runtime to know that you are about to execute
someone else's code with your privileges or that it might be dangerous.

It gets worse. Let's say that user foo figures that out, and they're
extra cautious to SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION or SET ROLE to drop their
privileges before accessing a table. No good: the table owner can just
craft their arbitrary code with a "RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION" or a
"RESET ROLE" at the top, and the code will still execute with the
privileges of user foo.

So I don't think "shouldn't" is quite good enough. In the first place,
the user needs to know that the risk exists. Second, what if they
actually do want to access a table owned by someone else for whatever
reason -- how do they do that safely?

I can't resist mentioning that these are all SECURITY INVOKER problems.
SECURITY INVOKER is insecure unless the invoker absolutely trusts the
definer, and that only really makes sense if the definer is a superuser
(or something very close). That's why we keep adding exceptions with
SECURITY_RESTRICTED_OPERATION, which is really just a way to silently
ignore the SECURITY INVOKER label and use SECURITY DEFINER instead.

At some point we need to ask: "when is SECURITY INVOKER both safe and
useful?" and contain it to those cases, rather than silently ignoring
it in an expanding list of cases.

I know that the response here is that SECURITY DEFINER is somehow
worse. Maybe for superuser-defined functions, it is. But basically, the
problems with SECURITY DEFINER all amount to "the author of the code
needs to be careful", which is a lot more intuitive than the problems
with SECURITY INVOKER.

Another option is having some kind SECURITY NONE that would run the
code as a very limited-privilege user that can basically only access
the catalog. That would be useful for running default expressions and
the like without the definer or invoker needing to be careful.


--
Jeff Davis
PostgreSQL Contributor Team - AWS