Re: WIP/PoC for parallel backup - Mailing list pgsql-hackers

On Wed, Apr 8, 2020 at 6:53 PM Kashif Zeeshan <kashif.zeeshan@enterprisedb.com> wrote:

On Tue, Apr 7, 2020 at 9:44 PM Asif Rehman <asifr.rehman@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi,

Thanks, Kashif and Rajkumar. I have fixed the reported issues.

I have added the shared state as previously described. The new grammar changes

are as follows:

START_BACKUP [LABEL '<label>'] [FAST] [MAX_RATE %d]

    - This will generate a unique backupid using pg_strong_random(16) and hex-encoded

      it. which is then returned as the result set.

    - It will also create a shared state and add it to the hashtable. The hash table size is set

      to BACKUP_HASH_SIZE=10, but since hashtable can expand dynamically, I think it's

      sufficient initial size. max_wal_senders is not used, because it can be set to quite a 

      large values.

JOIN_BACKUP 'backup_id'

    - finds 'backup_id' in hashtable and attaches it to server process.

SEND_FILE '(' 'FILE' ')' [NOVERIFY_CHECKSUMS]

    - renamed SEND_FILES to SEND_FILE

    - removed START_WAL_LOCATION from this because 'startptr' is now accessible through

      shared state.

There is no change in other commands:

STOP_BACKUP [NOWAIT]
LIST_TABLESPACES [PROGRESS]
LIST_FILES [TABLESPACE]
LIST_WAL_FILES [START_WAL_LOCATION 'X/X'] [END_WAL_LOCATION 'X/X']

The current patches (v11) have been rebased to the latest master. The backup manifest is enabled

by default, so I have disabled it for parallel backup mode and have generated a warning so that

user is aware of it and not expect it in the backup.

Hi Asif

I have verified the bug fixes, one bug is fixed and working now as expected

For the verification of the other bug fixes faced following issues, please have a look.

1) Following bug fixes mentioned below are generating segmentation fault.

Please note for reference I have added a description only as steps were given in previous emails of each bug I tried to verify the fix. Backtrace is also added with each case which points to one bug for both the cases.

a) The backup failed with errors "error: could not connect to server: could not look up local user ID 1000: Too many open files" when the max_wal_senders was set to 2000.


[edb@localhost bin]$ ./pg_basebackup -v -j 1990 -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/
pg_basebackup: warning: backup manifest is disabled in parallel backup mode
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/2000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: created temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_9925"
pg_basebackup: backup worker (0) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (2) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (3) created
….
….
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1014) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1015) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1016) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1017) created
pg_basebackup: error: could not connect to server: could not look up local user ID 1000: Too many open files
Segmentation fault
[edb@localhost bin]$

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ gdb pg_basebackup /tmp/cores/core.pg_basebackup.13219.localhost.localdomain.1586349551
GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6.1-115.el7
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from /home/edb/Communtiy_Parallel_backup/postgresql/inst/bin/pg_basebackup...done.
[New LWP 13219]
[New LWP 13222]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `./pg_basebackup -v -j 1990 -D /home/edb/Desktop/backup/'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0  pthread_join (threadid=0, thread_return=0x0) at pthread_join.c:47
47  if (INVALID_NOT_TERMINATED_TD_P (pd))
(gdb) bt
#0  pthread_join (threadid=0, thread_return=0x0) at pthread_join.c:47
#1  0x000000000040904a in cleanup_workers () at pg_basebackup.c:2978
#2  0x0000000000403806 in disconnect_atexit () at pg_basebackup.c:332
#3  0x00007f2226f76a49 in __run_exit_handlers (status=1, listp=0x7f22272f86c8 <__exit_funcs>, run_list_atexit=run_list_atexit@entry=true) at exit.c:77
#4  0x00007f2226f76a95 in __GI_exit (status=<optimized out>) at exit.c:99
#5  0x0000000000408c54 in create_parallel_workers (backupinfo=0x952ca0) at pg_basebackup.c:2811
#6  0x000000000040798f in BaseBackup () at pg_basebackup.c:2211
#7  0x0000000000408b4d in main (argc=6, argv=0x7ffe3dabc718) at pg_basebackup.c:2765
(gdb)

b) When executing two backups at the same time, getting FATAL error due to max_wal_senders and instead of exit  Backup got completed.

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$  ./pg_basebackup -v -j 8 -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup1/
pg_basebackup: warning: backup manifest is disabled in parallel backup mode
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 1/DA000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: created temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_17066"
pg_basebackup: backup worker (0) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (2) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (3) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (4) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (5) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (6) created
pg_basebackup: error: could not connect to server: FATAL:  number of requested standby connections exceeds max_wal_senders (currently 10)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ gdb pg_basebackup /tmp/cores/core.pg_basebackup.17041.localhost.localdomain.1586353696
GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6.1-115.el7
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from /home/edb/Communtiy_Parallel_backup/postgresql/inst/bin/pg_basebackup...done.
[New LWP 17041]
[New LWP 17067]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `./pg_basebackup -v -j 8 -D /home/edb/Desktop/backup1/'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0  pthread_join (threadid=0, thread_return=0x0) at pthread_join.c:47
47  if (INVALID_NOT_TERMINATED_TD_P (pd))
(gdb) bt
#0  pthread_join (threadid=0, thread_return=0x0) at pthread_join.c:47
#1  0x000000000040904a in cleanup_workers () at pg_basebackup.c:2978
#2  0x0000000000403806 in disconnect_atexit () at pg_basebackup.c:332
#3  0x00007f051edc1a49 in __run_exit_handlers (status=1, listp=0x7f051f1436c8 <__exit_funcs>, run_list_atexit=run_list_atexit@entry=true) at exit.c:77
#4  0x00007f051edc1a95 in __GI_exit (status=<optimized out>) at exit.c:99
#5  0x0000000000408c54 in create_parallel_workers (backupinfo=0x1c6dca0) at pg_basebackup.c:2811
#6  0x000000000040798f in BaseBackup () at pg_basebackup.c:2211
#7  0x0000000000408b4d in main (argc=6, argv=0x7ffdb76a6d68) at pg_basebackup.c:2765
(gdb)

2) The following bug is not fixed yet

A similar case is when DB Server is shut down while the Parallel Backup is in progress then the correct error is displayed but then the backup folder is not cleaned and leaves a corrupt backup.

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ ./pg_basebackup -v -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/ -j 8
pg_basebackup: warning: backup manifest is disabled in parallel backup mode
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/A0000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: created temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_16235"
pg_basebackup: backup worker (0) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (2) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (3) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (4) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (5) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (6) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (7) created
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
pg_basebackup: removing contents of data directory "/home/edb/Desktop/backup/"
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ ls /home/edb/Desktop/backup
base         pg_hba.conf    pg_logical    pg_notify    pg_serial     pg_stat      pg_subtrans  pg_twophase  pg_xact               postgresql.conf
pg_dynshmem  pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_replslot  pg_snapshots  pg_stat_tmp  pg_tblspc    PG_VERSION   postgresql.auto.conf
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$

Thanks

Kashif Zeeshan

On Tue, Apr 7, 2020 at 4:03 PM Kashif Zeeshan <kashif.zeeshan@enterprisedb.com> wrote:

On Fri, Apr 3, 2020 at 3:01 PM Kashif Zeeshan <kashif.zeeshan@enterprisedb.com> wrote:

Hi Asif

When a non-existent slot is used with tablespace then correct error is displayed but then the backup folder is not cleaned and leaves a corrupt backup.

Steps

=======

edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ mkdir /home/edb/tbl1
[edb@localhost bin]$ mkdir /home/edb/tbl_res
[edb@localhost bin]$
postgres=#  create tablespace tbl1 location '/home/edb/tbl1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
postgres=#
postgres=# create table t1 (a int) tablespace tbl1;
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into t1 values(100);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into t1 values(200);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into t1 values(300);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=#


[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$  ./pg_basebackup -v -j 2 -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/ -T /home/edb/tbl1=/home/edb/tbl_res -S test
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/2E000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: error: could not send replication command "START_REPLICATION": ERROR:  replication slot "test" does not exist
pg_basebackup: backup worker (0) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1) created
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log end point: 0/2E000100
pg_basebackup: waiting for background process to finish streaming ...
pg_basebackup: error: child thread exited with error 1
[edb@localhost bin]$

backup folder not cleaned

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$ ls /home/edb/Desktop/backup
backup_label  global        pg_dynshmem  pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_replslot  pg_snapshots  pg_stat_tmp  pg_tblspc    PG_VERSION  pg_xact               postgresql.conf
base          pg_commit_ts  pg_hba.conf  pg_logical     pg_notify     pg_serial    pg_stat       pg_subtrans  pg_twophase  pg_wal      postgresql.auto.conf
[edb@localhost bin]$

If the same case is executed without the parallel backup patch then the backup folder is cleaned after the error is displayed.

[edb@localhost bin]$ ./pg_basebackup -v -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/ -T /home/edb/tbl1=/home/edb/tbl_res -S test999
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/2B000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: error: could not send replication command "START_REPLICATION": ERROR:  replication slot "test999" does not exist
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log end point: 0/2B000100
pg_basebackup: waiting for background process to finish streaming ...
pg_basebackup: error: child process exited with exit code 1
pg_basebackup: removing data directory " /home/edb/Desktop/backup"
pg_basebackup: changes to tablespace directories will not be undone

Hi Asif

A similar case is when DB Server is shut down while the Parallel Backup is in progress then the correct error is displayed but then the backup folder is not cleaned and leaves a corrupt backup. I think one bug fix will solve all these cases where clean up is not done when parallel backup is failed.

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$  ./pg_basebackup -v -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/ -j 8
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/C1000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: created temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_57337"
pg_basebackup: backup worker (0) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (1) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (2) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (3) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (4) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (5) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (6) created
pg_basebackup: backup worker (7) created
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$

Same case when executed on pg_basebackup without the Parallel backup patch then proper clean up is done.

[edb@localhost bin]$
[edb@localhost bin]$  ./pg_basebackup -v -D  /home/edb/Desktop/backup/
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/C5000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
pg_basebackup: created temporary replication slot "pg_basebackup_5590"
pg_basebackup: error: could not read COPY data: server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
pg_basebackup: removing contents of data directory "/home/edb/Desktop/backup/"
[edb@localhost bin]$

Thanks

On Fri, Apr 3, 2020 at 1:46 PM Asif Rehman <asifr.rehman@gmail.com> wrote:

On Thu, Apr 2, 2020 at 8:45 PM Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> wrote:

On Thu, Apr 2, 2020 at 11:17 AM Asif Rehman <asifr.rehman@gmail.com> wrote:
>> Why would you need to do that? As long as the process where
>> STOP_BACKUP can do the check, that seems good enough.
>
> Yes, but the user will get the error only after the STOP_BACKUP, not while the backup is
> in progress. So if the backup is a large one, early error detection would be much beneficial.
> This is the current behavior of non-parallel backup as well.

Because non-parallel backup does not feature early detection of this
error, it is not necessary to make parallel backup do so. Indeed, it
is undesirable. If you want to fix that problem, do it on a separate
thread in a separate patch. A patch proposing to make parallel backup
inconsistent in behavior with non-parallel backup will be rejected, at
least if I have anything to say about it.

TBH, fixing this doesn't seem like an urgent problem to me. The
current situation is not great, but promotions ought to be relatively
infrequent, so I'm not sure it's a huge problem in practice. It is
also worth considering whether the right fix is to figure out how to
make that case actually work, rather than just making it fail quicker.
I don't currently understand the reason for the prohibition so I can't
express an intelligent opinion on what the right answer is here, but
it seems like it ought to be investigated before somebody goes and
builds a bunch of infrastructure to make the error more timely.

Non-parallel backup already does the early error checking. I only intended

to make parallel behave the same as non-parallel here. So, I agree with

you that the behavior of parallel backup should be consistent with the

non-parallel one.  Please see the code snippet below from 

basebackup.c:sendDir()

/*

 * Check if the postmaster has signaled us to exit, and abort with an

 * error in that case. The error handler further up will call

 * do_pg_abort_backup() for us. Also check that if the backup was

 * started while still in recovery, the server wasn't promoted.

 * do_pg_stop_backup() will check that too, but it's better to stop

 * the backup early than continue to the end and fail there.

 */

CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

if (RecoveryInProgress() != backup_started_in_recovery)

ereport(ERROR,

(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),

errmsg("the standby was promoted during online backup"),

errhint("This means that the backup being taken is corrupt "

"and should not be used. "

"Try taking another online backup.")));

> Okay, then I will add the shared state. And since we are adding the shared state, we can use
> that for throttling, progress-reporting and standby early error checking.

Please propose a grammar here for all the new replication commands you
plan to add before going and implement everything. That will make it
easier to hash out the design without forcing you to keep changing the
code. Your design should include a sketch of how several sets of
coordinating backends taking several concurrent parallel backups will
end up with one shared state per parallel backup.

> There are two possible options:
>
> (1) Server may generate a unique ID i.e. BackupID=<unique_string> OR
> (2) (Preferred Option) Use the WAL start location as the BackupID.
>
> This BackupID should be given back as a response to start backup command. All client workers
> must append this ID to all parallel backup replication commands. So that we can use this identifier
> to search for that particular backup. Does that sound good?

Using the WAL start location as the backup ID seems like it might be
problematic -- could a single checkpoint not end up as the start
location for multiple backups started at the same time? Whether that's
possible now or not, it seems unwise to hard-wire that assumption into
the wire protocol.

I was thinking that perhaps the client should generate a unique backup
ID, e.g. leader does:

START_BACKUP unique_backup_id [options]...

And then others do:

JOIN_BACKUP unique_backup_id

My thought is that you will have a number of shared memory structure
equal to max_wal_senders, each one large enough to hold the shared
state for one backup. The shared state will include
char[NAMEDATALEN-or-something] which will be used to hold the backup
ID. START_BACKUP would allocate one and copy the name into it;
JOIN_BACKUP would search for one by name.

If you want to generate the name on the server side, then I suppose
START_BACKUP would return a result set that includes the backup ID,
and clients would have to specify that same backup ID when invoking
JOIN_BACKUP. The rest would stay the same. I am not sure which way is
better. Either way, the backup ID should be something long and hard to
guess, not e.g. the leader processes' PID. I think we should generate
it using pg_strong_random, say 8 or 16 bytes, and then hex-encode the
result to get a string. That way there's almost no risk of two backup
IDs colliding accidentally, and even if we somehow had a malicious
user trying to screw up somebody else's parallel backup by choosing a
colliding backup ID, it would be pretty hard to have any success. A
user with enough access to do that sort of thing can probably cause a
lot worse problems anyway, but it seems pretty easy to guard against
intentional collisions robustly here, so I think we should.

Okay so If we are to add another replication command ‘JOIN_BACKUP unique_backup_id’
to make workers find the relevant shared state. There won't be any need for changing
the grammar for any other command. The START_BACKUP can return the unique_backup_id
in the result set.

I am thinking of the following struct for shared state:

typedef struct

{

char backupid[NAMEDATALEN];

XLogRecPtr startptr;

slock_t lock;

int64 throttling_counter;

bool backup_started_in_recovery;

} BackupSharedState;

The shared state structure entries would be maintained by a shared hash table.

There will be one structure per parallel backup. Since a single parallel backup

can engage more than one wal sender, so I think max_wal_senders might be a little

too much; perhaps max_wal_senders/2 since there will be at least 2 connections

per parallel backup? Alternatively, we can set a new GUC that defines the maximum

number of for concurrent parallel backups i.e. ‘max_concurent_backups_allowed = 10’ 

perhaps, or we can make it user-configurable.

The key would be “backupid=hex_encode(pg_random_strong(16))”

Checking for Standby Promotion:

At the START_BACKUP command, we initialize BackupSharedState.backup_started_in_recovery 

and keep checking it whenever send_file () is called to send a new file.

Throttling:

BackupSharedState.throttling_counter - The throttling logic remains the same

as for non-parallel backup with the exception that multiple threads will now be

updating it. So in parallel backup, this will represent the overall bytes that

have been transferred. So the workers would sleep if they have exceeded the

limit. Hence, the shared state carries a lock to safely update the throttling

value atomically. 

Progress Reporting:

Although I think we should add progress-reporting for parallel backup as a

separate patch. The relevant entries for progress-reporting such as 

‘backup_total’ and ‘backup_streamed’ would be then added to this structure

as well.

 

 

Grammar:

There is a change in the resultset being returned for START_BACKUP command; 

unique_backup_id is added. Additionally, JOIN_BACKUP replication command is

added. SEND_FILES has been renamed to SEND_FILE. There are no other changes

to the grammar.

START_BACKUP [LABEL '<label>'] [FAST]

  - returns startptr, tli, backup_label, unique_backup_id

STOP_BACKUP [NOWAIT]

  - returns startptr, tli, backup_label

JOIN_BACKUP ‘unique_backup_id’

  - attaches a shared state identified by ‘unique_backup_id’ to a backend process.

 

LIST_TABLESPACES [PROGRESS]

LIST_FILES [TABLESPACE]

LIST_WAL_FILES [START_WAL_LOCATION 'X/X'] [END_WAL_LOCATION 'X/X']

SEND_FILE '(' FILE ')' [NOVERIFY_CHECKSUMS]

Hi,

rebased and updated to the current master (8128b0c1). v13 is attached.

- Fixes the above reported issues.

- Added progress-reporting support for parallel:
For this, 'backup_streamed' is moved to a shared structure (BackupState) as

pg_atomic_uint64 variable. The worker processes will keep incrementing this

variable.

While files are being transferred from server to client. The main process remains

in an idle state. So after each increment, the worker process will signal master to

update the stats in pg_stat_progress_basebackup view.

The 'tablespace_streamed' column is not updated and will remain empty. This is

because multiple workers may be copying files from different tablespaces.

- Added backup manifest:
The backend workers maintain their own manifest file which contains a list of files

that are being transferred by the work. Once all backup files are transferred, the

workers will create a temp file as ('pg_tempdir/temp_file_prefix_backupid.workerid')

to write the content of the manifest file from BufFile. The workers won’t add the

header, nor the WAL information in their manifest. These two will be added by the

main process while merging all worker manifest files.

The main process will read these individual files and concatenate them into a single file

which is then sent back to the client. 

The manifest file is created when the following command is received:

    BUILD_MANIFEST 'backupid'

This is a new replication command. It is sent when pg_basebackup has copied all the

$PGDATA files including WAL files.

--

Asif Rehman

Highgo Software (Canada/China/Pakistan)
URL : www.highgo.ca