Thread: Vacuum explained

Hi all,
again me on this argument.
Can some one explain the messages obtained during a vacuum?
For example this is a part ( in the attachment you'll find the entire log )
of what I obtain during the vacuum, now I do on my production DB a
vacuum each 60 minutes, before was twice in a Day.

NOTICE:  --Relation current_connection--
NOTICE:  Index current_connection_pkey: Pages 1442; Tuples 75489: Deleted
447.
        CPU 0.07s/0.07u sec elapsed 2.13 sec.
NOTICE:  Index idx_connected: Pages 9154; Tuples 75489: Deleted 447.
        CPU 1.13s/0.06u sec elapsed 45.85 sec.
NOTICE:  Index idx_ip_address: Pages 1216; Tuples 67385: Deleted 254.
        CPU 0.00s/0.05u sec elapsed 0.06 sec.
NOTICE:  Removed 447 tuples in 69 pages.
        CPU 0.00s/0.01u sec elapsed 0.01 sec.
NOTICE:  Pages 2518: Changed 38, Empty 0; Tup 75489: Vac 447, Keep 68661,
UnUsed 144574.
        Total CPU 1.31s/0.25u sec elapsed 48.23 sec.
NOTICE:  Analyzing current_connection



NOTICE:  --Relation ua_user_data_exp--
NOTICE:  Index ua_user_data_exp_id_user_key: Pages 657; Tuples 75600:
Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.09s/0.07u sec elapsed 4.93 sec.
NOTICE:  Index ua_user_data_exp_login_key: Pages 1148; Tuples 75600: Deleted
3370.
        CPU 0.13s/0.04u sec elapsed 1.85 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_id_provider: Pages 1206; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.09s/0.08u sec elapsed 1.35 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_ci_login: Pages 1162; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.11s/0.09u sec elapsed 4.11 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_country: Pages 1393; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.16s/0.06u sec elapsed 5.73 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_os_type: Pages 1462; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.13s/0.09u sec elapsed 5.04 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_card: Pages 1551; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.21s/0.05u sec elapsed 5.71 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_status: Pages 1855; Tuples 75600: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.27s/0.12u sec elapsed 8.36 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_email: Pages 1949; Tuples 75609: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.21s/0.09u sec elapsed 6.48 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_ci_email: Pages 1977; Tuples 75609: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.39s/0.11u sec elapsed 6.64 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_lastname: Pages 1139; Tuples 75609: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.20s/0.07u sec elapsed 3.75 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_ci_lastname: Pages 1126; Tuples 75647: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.14s/0.08u sec elapsed 4.03 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_orbital_ptns: Pages 1571; Tuples 75693: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.16s/0.08u sec elapsed 8.16 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_stickers: Pages 1531; Tuples 75774: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.14s/0.04u sec elapsed 5.33 sec.
NOTICE:  Index exp_pid: Pages 1188; Tuples 75774: Deleted 3370.
        CPU 0.11s/0.07u sec elapsed 4.39 sec.
NOTICE:  Removed 3370 tuples in 469 pages.
        CPU 0.03s/0.08u sec elapsed 0.11 sec.
NOTICE:  Pages 33269: Changed 34, Empty 0; Tup 75600: Vac 3370, Keep 68772,
UnUsed 398696.
        Total CPU 4.70s/1.46u sec elapsed 78.43 sec.
NOTICE:  --Relation pg_toast_1062860--
NOTICE:  Pages 0: Changed 0, Empty 0; Tup 0: Vac 0, Keep 0, UnUsed 0.
        Total CPU 0.00s/0.00u sec elapsed 0.00 sec.
NOTICE:  Analyzing ua_user_data_exp


For example what is the meaning of UnUsed? Are pages not used until I'll do
a vacuum full ?

Should do I the vacuum more ofthen then 60 minutes ?





Ciao
Gaetano



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`
end

This is a rough description, should anyone see a need to correct it
please do so.

On Sat, 2003-01-04 at 09:42, Gaetano Mendola wrote:
> NOTICE:  Pages 2518: Changed 38, Empty 0; Tup 75489: Vac 447, Keep 68661,
> UnUsed 144574.
>         Total CPU 1.31s/0.25u sec elapsed 48.23 sec.

Pages = the # of pages being used to store your data.

Changed = the # of pages that have been modified as a result of your
most recent vacuum.

Empty = pages containing no "live" tuples

Tup = # of "rows" in your table

Vac = # of dead tuples recovered

Keep = # of tuples that the db did not feel it could safely mark/remove
(probably envolved in some type of transaction)

Unused = # of tuples awaiting being reused

elapsed time is the amount of time it took to deal with the given table

Robert Treat

Robert Treat <xzilla@users.sourceforge.net> writes:
> Tup = # of "rows" in your table

Right.  This is the number of rows remaining after the vacuum, to be
precise.

> Keep = # of tuples that the db did not feel it could safely mark/remove
> (probably envolved in some type of transaction)

More specifically, these are tuples that are committed dead, but cannot
yet be removed because they might still be visible under the MVCC rules
to one or more open transactions.  This number is included in "Tup".

> Unused = # of tuples awaiting being reused

These are not actually tuples, but tuple slots (page item pointers)
that are open for re-use.

            regards, tom lane

"Tom Lane" <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote in message
news:26423.1041885959@sss.pgh.pa.us...
> Robert Treat <xzilla@users.sourceforge.net> writes:
> > Tup = # of "rows" in your table
>
> Right.  This is the number of rows remaining after the vacuum, to be
> precise.
>
> > Keep = # of tuples that the db did not feel it could safely mark/remove
> > (probably envolved in some type of transaction)


NOTICE:  Pages 2518: Changed 38, Empty 0; Tup 75489: Vac 447, Keep 68661,
UnUsed 144574.

This mean that if a process do a "begin transaction" and stay there one
month without
activity all row delete or updated after that "begin transaction" remain
there for ever ?
If it's so, this is what is happening on my DB I have a pool of process (
for performance
sake) and some of this process are not working but the first thing done is:

SetAutoCommit( false );

if this start the transaction ( I'm going to investigate ) is a disaster!!!!

Some one have already experience on that ?


Ciao
Gaetano.

"Gaetano Mendola" <mendola@bigfoot.com> writes:
> This mean that if a process do a "begin transaction" and stay there one
> month without
> activity all row delete or updated after that "begin transaction" remain
> there for ever ?

Actually not, because the transaction does not start internally
(MyProc->xmin doesn't get set) until its first real statement begins.
However, if you do something like
    begin;
    select 2+2;
and *then* go to sleep for a long time, then yes you will block vacuum
from reclaiming space.

Also, I believe the value of now() is frozen when you say "begin",
so I'd still say it's not good practice to "begin" until you're ready to
actually do something ...

            regards, tom lane

Tom Lane writes:

> > Unused = # of tuples awaiting being reused
>
> These are not actually tuples, but tuple slots (page item pointers)
> that are open for re-use.

Maybe this is a good place to ask this: How do you actually reuse a tuple (or
the space the tuple needed on disk) if the number of bytes needed to store a
new tuple depends on the number of non null columns, the variable length
columns etc. (If I understood the documentation right, you store the tuples
within a page packed, i.e. variable length tuples are stored one after the
other, sometimes with alignment between the tuple header and the tuple data.)

Do you try to reuse tuples with a similar storage size (or something like
that) to prevent fragmentation or don't you have fragmentation by design (and
I miss something).

Any pointers to documentation or into the source code are welcome!

Regards,

    Tilo Schwarz

Tilo Schwarz <mail@tilo-schwarz.de> writes:
> Do you try to reuse tuples with a similar storage size (or something like
> that)

No.  If we try to put a tuple on a page, and there's room there, we'll
store it.  There is no intra-page fragmentation problem because we can
always reshuffle the tuples on a particular page --- this is what the
"page item pointer" overhead buys us.

Also, since any given file only holds tuples of a particular table,
there's already some degree of size-similarity present.  This gets
pretty weak if some of the fields are of widely varying length, of
course, but I'm dubious that there's much gold to be mined by thinking
harder about which page we put a tuple on...

> Any pointers to documentation or into the source code are welcome!

The comments at the head of src/include/storage/bufpage.h might be
illuminating.  Also see
http://www.ca.postgresql.org/users-lounge/docs/7.3/postgres/page.html

            regards, tom lane