That's the wrong repo, evidently. You got the code from the PGDG repository, so you need to get the matching debug-symbol package from the same place. I gather you don't have the PGDG repo enabled by default. I'm not a debian/ubuntu person so I'm not sure about the exact commands to enable a non-default repo for apt-get.
It looks like there may be a version skew problem as well. 10.12 is the latest v10 release, 10.8 is, um, not. If you are still on 10.8 then it would behoove you to first update to 10.12 and see if maybe we already fixed the bug. In any case, you have to find a debug-symbol package that *exactly* matches your installed code, or it's worthless.