When trying to start postgresql as a service with a domain account on a windows 2012 server, the service starts and stops immediately. The Windows event log showed a terse error about timeout (even though it did not really take more than a couple of seconds for it to fail). By the way, the server is in an internal data center and does not have open access to public Internet.
If you don't have (error) logs from PG then you could try to use Process Monitor, set filter for postgres.exe process, and start service. Look for errors in Result with eg. ACCESS_DENIED.
I've had some clients that had few different issues, and all of them was because of permissions issues (sometimes postgres.exe fails, sometimes initdb.exe fails). Setting correct permissions solved all of that problems.
PS. I'm running PG under NetworkService account, but I'm not using installer from EDB or even pg_ctl (shutdown code is buggy, but it's a postgres.exe issue).
