it seems there's something wrong with CTE inlining when there's a view containing a correlated subquery referencing the CTE.
BTW, seems view is not a necessary condition to reproduce this issue.
For instance:
create table t (a int, b int);
explain (costs off) select a from ( with t_cte as (select a, b from t) select a, (select b from t_cte where t_cte.a = t.a) AS t_sub from t ) sub;
Further debugging shows that in this repro the reference to the CTE is
removed when generating paths for the subquery 'sub', where we would try to remove subquery targetlist items that are not needed. So for the items we are to remove, maybe we need to check if they contain CTEs and if so decrease cterefcount of the CTEs correspondingly.