I am using Postgresql 8.3.23, I really use this version because the Index Adviser only works with this version of Postgresql.
I suggest first figuring out whether you are able to successfully install the current PostgreSQL Server (git master branch) on a current Linux release (if you really want to go Windows feel free but there is less help to be had there.) Until you can get that to work you should not proceed any further on attempting to modify PostgreSQL server.
Then, instead of trying to get ancient PostgreSQL server code running on modern hardware, you should focus your attention on getting ancient third-party modifications to the PostgreSQL server code to work on the modern PostgreSQL server.
As an aside, I noticed the "USE_PGXS = 1", it didn't exist back in the 8.3 days.
As far as I can see, in a limited read of the readme summary, all of the relevant code needs to exist within the PostgreSQL server source tree, the pg_advise_index being placed in the contrib section just like, for example, hstore or pg_prewarm (which I think has a command line interface). Then you modify, build and install the server and the modifications are fully incorporated as core+contrib code. This seems all quite straight-forward, with plenty of examples to copy from, for dealing with the overall structural aspects of the codebase and build/install processes. Which brings me back to first understanding how the unaltered system works before trying to make alterations. You may choose to learn that using an 8.3 server but you will probably find little help if you go that route.
