It looks like your bytea_output is set to 'escape', which would explain what you are seeing. Try adding this in first:
SET bytea_output = hex;
SELECT JSON_VALUE(jsonb '"AQID"', '$' RETURNING bytea);
That (hex) is the default value, so you must be setting it to escape somewhere. You can see where by running:
select * from pg_settings where name = 'bytea_output';
Examine the source, sourcefile, and sourceline columns
I personally prefer hex, but perhaps it's set to octet in your system for a reason. If not, maybe change it globally?
Cheers,
Greg
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