According to https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/protocol-logicalrep-message-formats.html it looks like certain schema information is embedded via pgoutput such as column names and types. However, if a new column name appears and a previous not, then it is currently not possible to differentiate if a column was renamed VS if a new column was added and an old dropped.
There are additional schema changes that are currently not covered, such as changes in default values.
Are there plans to add comprehensive schema change detection abilities via logical replication ? either by embedding more information into pgoutput or perhaps by embedding the schema DDLs ?
