I have been working on AWS PostgreSQL RDS for a few years, but still not very experienced when it comes to performance issues. Plus RDS is slightly different from the pure PostgreSQL.
I am trying to comprehend exactly how vacuum works.
Here is what I am trying to do.
I am purging old records from a table (500 million rows, but I am doing it in sets of 50,000,000 with a smaller loop of 100,000). That works just fine.
Because of the amount of data/rows deleted, I disabled the autovacuum for this table (I want to have control over vacuum, autovacuum does not complete anyway due to the timeout, sizing, etc settings that I do not want to change system wide). I will put the autovacuum back once I am done of course.
The issue is when I start vacuuming. This table has 4 indexes and a PK that I worry about. The PK takes about 30 minutes to vacuum and two of the indexes take about an hour each. The problem comes in for the other 2 indexes - they take 12+ hours each to vacuum:
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: vacuuming "public.pc_workflowlog"
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: launched 4 parallel vacuum workers for index vacuuming (planned: 4)
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: scanned index "pc_workflowlog_pk" to remove 50000000 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 191.03 s, system: 12.43 s, elapsed: 1711.22 s
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: scanned index "workflowlo_u_publicid_g6uqp9lkn6e8" to remove 50000000 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 325.75 s, system: 19.75 s, elapsed: 2674.24 s
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: scanned index "workflowlo_n_workflow_2tc9k2hdtry9v" to remove 50000000 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 312.17 s, system: 16.94 s, elapsed: 3097.88 s
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: scanned index "workflowlo_n_frozenseti_2kjkbjgf3c6ro" to remove 50000000 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 41187.70 s, system: 216.14 s, elapsed: 42749.36 s
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: scanned index "workflowlo_n_userid_14kqw6qdsnndw" to remove 50000000 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 41280.66 s, system: 216.67 s, elapsed: 42832.16 s
psql:/home/backup/leo/fws_vacuum.sql:6: INFO: "pc_workflowlog": removed 50000000 row versions in 1129870 pages
I've increased max_parallel_maintenance_workers to 8 for the session and it used parallel 4 (one for each index I assume) to handle it and the two indexes were done in ~ an hour. What I am trying to figure out is how to force the other two large indexes to be vacuumed in parallel - a few workers going against an index. It seems it is possible to do, the index size is large enough to kick in, but I have not been able to figure it out yet. Most of the parameters are at default values.
What am I missing?
I have a few other questions. Does vacuum time depend on the number of dead rows only and the size of the table, or does the entire storage allocation (including dead tuples) also affect it?
Would it be more beneficial to drop the two large indexes, purge, vacuum, and recreate the indexes after make more sense (I know it needs to be tested)?
Lastly, is it better to delete all the rows (500 mil) instead of doing it in smaller batches, and vacuum only once?
The current size of the table is about 1T and the indexes add another 1.5T to it.
Truncate is not an option as I am only deleting rows older than 6 months. Client was not doing purging for years, but will do it after the clean up.
P.S. This is my very first post here, please advise if it is the wrong channel. Thank you in advance.
