I would like to propose exposing an internal PostgreSQL function called
ReadMultiXactCounts() to allow for efficient monitoring of MultiXact member usage. This function provides an accurate, real-time view of MultiXact activity by directly retrieving the actual member count, rather than relying on storage-based calculations.
Current Challenges: The existing approach we are currently using to estimate MultiXact member usage has several drawbacks:
- Filesystem scanning overhead: These functions recursively scan the
pg_multixact directory, iterating over potentially thousands or millions of files, and retrieving file sizes using stat() calls, which introduces significant I/O overhead. - Potential performance bottleneck: On systems with high transaction throughput generating large numbers of MultiXact members, the filesystem-based approach scales poorly due to the latency of
stat() calls, especially on network-based filesystems like RDS/Aurora. - Not a real-time or memory-efficient solution: The current approach does not provide a direct, in-memory view of MultiXact activity.
Proposed SolutionThe internal
ReadMultiXactCounts() function, implemented in
multixact.c, directly calculates the number of MultiXact members by reading live state from shared memory. This approach avoids the performance issues of the current filesystem-based estimation methods.
By exposing ReadMultiXactCounts() for external use, we can provide PostgreSQL users with an efficient way to monitor MultiXact member usage. This could be particularly useful for integrating with tools like Amazon RDS Performance Insights and Amazon CloudWatch to provide enhanced database insights and proactive managed monitoring for users.
The performance comparison between the current and proposed approaches shows a significant improvement, with the proposed solution taking only a fraction of a millisecond to retrieve the MultiXact member count, compared to tens or hundreds of milliseconds for the current filesystem-based approach.
Following is the comparison of performance between calculating storage of MultiXact members directory and retrieving the count of members.
| Implementation | Used size | MultiXact members (approx) | Time taken (ms) | Time factor (vs Baseline) |
| EC2 community (RDS version of pg_ls_multixactdir) | 8642 MB | 1.8 billion | 96.879 | 1.00 |
| Linux du command | 8642 MB | 1.8 billion | 96 | NA |
| Proposal (ReadMultiXactCounts) | N/A | 1.99 billion | 0.167 | 580 times faster |
I believe exposing ReadMultiXactCounts() would be a valuable addition to the PostgreSQL ecosystem, providing users with a more reliable and efficient way to monitor MultiXact usage. Appreciate your feedback or discussion on this proposal.
Please let me know if this approach is acceptable, so I’ll go ahead and submit a patch.
Thank you!
Best regards,
Naga Appani
Postgres Database Engineer
Amazon Web Services
