LET clause - Mailing list pgsql-hackers

Hi hackers,

I just learned about a feature called "LET clause".

It's not part of the SQL standard, but it's supported by Oracle [1], Couchbase [2] and AsterixDB [3].

I searched the pgsql-hackers archives and couldn't find any matches on "LET clause",

so I thought I should share this with you in some people didn't know about it like me.

"LET clauses can be useful when a (complex) expression is used several times within a query, allowing it to be written once to make the query more concise." [3]

In the mentioned other databases you can do this with the LET keyword, which "creates a new variable and initializes it with the result of the expression you supply".

Without the LET clause, your complex queries would need to be divided into two separate queries:

* One query to get a particular value (or set of values), and

* One query to use the value (or values) from the first query.

The example below computes the Easter month and day for a given year:

Work-around using CROSS JOIN LATERAL:

CREATE FUNCTION compute_easter_day_for_year(year integer)

RETURNS date

LANGUAGE sql

AS $$

SELECT make_date(year, easter_month, easter_day)

FROM (VALUES (year % 19, year / 100)) AS step1(g,c)

CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES ((c - c/4 - (8*c + 13)/25 + 19*g + 15) % 30)) AS step2(h)

CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (h - (h/28)*(1 - (h/28)*(29/(h + 1))*((21 - g)/11)))) AS step3(i)

CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES ((year + year/4 + i + 2 - c + c/4) % 7)) AS step4(j)

CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (i - j)) AS step5(p)

CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (3 + (p + 26)/30, 1 + (p + 27 + (p + 6)/40) % 31)) AS step6(easter_month, easter_day)

$$;

(Other possible work arounds: Use MATERIALIZED CTEs or sub-queries with OFFSET 0 to prevent sub-query flattening.)

If we instead would have LET clauses in PostgreSQL, we could do:

CREATE FUNCTION compute_easter_day_for_year(year integer)

RETURNS date

LANGUAGE sql

AS $$

SELECT make_date(year, easter_month, easter_day)

LET

  g = year % 19,

  c = year / 100,

  h = (c - c/4 - (8*c + 13)/25 + 19*g + 15) % 30,

  i = h - (h/28)*(1 - (h/28)*(29/(h + 1))*((21 - g)/11)),

  j = year + year/4 + i + 2 - c + c/4) % 7,

  p = i - j,

  easter_month = 3 + (p + 26)/30,

  easter_day = 1 + (p + 27 + (p + 6)/40) % 31

$$;

Without LET clauses, SQL isn't terribly well suited to execute fundamentally stepwise imperative algorithms like this one.

The work-around is to either sacrifice performance and conciseness and use a hack (CROSS JOIN LATERAL or CTE),

or, leave the SQL realm and use a PL like plpgsql to get good performance and conciseness.

I have no opinion if this is something for PostgreSQL,

since I have no idea on how complicated this would be to implement,

which means I can't estimate if the increased complication of an implementation

would outweigh the possible added convenience/performance/conciseness gains.

I just wanted to share this in case this idea was unknown to some people here.

[1] https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E93962_01/bigData.Doc/eql_onPrem/src/reql_statement_let.html

[2] https://docs.couchbase.com/server/current/n1ql/n1ql-language-reference/let.html

[3] https://asterixdb.apache.org/docs/0.9.3/sqlpp/manual.html#Let_clauses