LET clause - Mailing list pgsql-hackers

From Joel Jacobson
Subject LET clause
Date
Msg-id 3e36717b-689b-473c-a40f-bb35dd56ea5b@www.fastmail.com
Whole thread Raw
Responses Re: LET clause
Re: LET clause
List pgsql-hackers
Hi hackers,

I just learned about a feature called "LET clause".

It's not part of the SQL standard, but it's supported by Oracle [1], Couchbase [2] and AsterixDB [3].

I searched the pgsql-hackers archives and couldn't find any matches on "LET clause",
so I thought I should share this with you in some people didn't know about it like me.

"LET clauses can be useful when a (complex) expression is used several times within a query, allowing it to be written once to make the query more concise." [3]

In the mentioned other databases you can do this with the LET keyword, which "creates a new variable and initializes it with the result of the expression you supply".

Without the LET clause, your complex queries would need to be divided into two separate queries:

* One query to get a particular value (or set of values), and
* One query to use the value (or values) from the first query.

The example below computes the Easter month and day for a given year:

Work-around using CROSS JOIN LATERAL:

CREATE FUNCTION compute_easter_day_for_year(year integer)
RETURNS date
LANGUAGE sql
AS $$
SELECT make_date(year, easter_month, easter_day)
FROM (VALUES (year % 19, year / 100)) AS step1(g,c)
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES ((c - c/4 - (8*c + 13)/25 + 19*g + 15) % 30)) AS step2(h)
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (h - (h/28)*(1 - (h/28)*(29/(h + 1))*((21 - g)/11)))) AS step3(i)
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES ((year + year/4 + i + 2 - c + c/4) % 7)) AS step4(j)
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (i - j)) AS step5(p)
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (VALUES (3 + (p + 26)/30, 1 + (p + 27 + (p + 6)/40) % 31)) AS step6(easter_month, easter_day)
$$;

(Other possible work arounds: Use MATERIALIZED CTEs or sub-queries with OFFSET 0 to prevent sub-query flattening.)

If we instead would have LET clauses in PostgreSQL, we could do:

CREATE FUNCTION compute_easter_day_for_year(year integer)
RETURNS date
LANGUAGE sql
AS $$
SELECT make_date(year, easter_month, easter_day)
LET
  g = year % 19,
  c = year / 100,
  h = (c - c/4 - (8*c + 13)/25 + 19*g + 15) % 30,
  i = h - (h/28)*(1 - (h/28)*(29/(h + 1))*((21 - g)/11)),
  j = year + year/4 + i + 2 - c + c/4) % 7,
  p = i - j,
  easter_month = 3 + (p + 26)/30,
  easter_day = 1 + (p + 27 + (p + 6)/40) % 31
$$;

Without LET clauses, SQL isn't terribly well suited to execute fundamentally stepwise imperative algorithms like this one.

The work-around is to either sacrifice performance and conciseness and use a hack (CROSS JOIN LATERAL or CTE),
or, leave the SQL realm and use a PL like plpgsql to get good performance and conciseness.

I have no opinion if this is something for PostgreSQL,
since I have no idea on how complicated this would be to implement,
which means I can't estimate if the increased complication of an implementation
would outweigh the possible added convenience/performance/conciseness gains.

I just wanted to share this in case this idea was unknown to some people here.


Kind regards,

Joel

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