Re: In-placre persistance change of a relation - Mailing list pgsql-hackers

From Kyotaro Horiguchi
Subject Re: In-placre persistance change of a relation
Date
Msg-id 20220119.093907.300059856366141656.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com
Whole thread Raw
In response to Re: In-placre persistance change of a relation  (Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>)
Responses Re: In-placre persistance change of a relation
List pgsql-hackers
At Tue, 18 Jan 2022 10:37:53 -0500, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> wrote in 
> Julien Rouhaud <rjuju123@gmail.com> writes:
> > The cfbot is failing on all OS with this version of the patch.  Apparently
> > v16-0002 introduces some usage of "testtablespace" client-side variable that's
> > never defined, e.g.
> 
> That test infrastructure got rearranged very recently, see d6d317dbf.

Thanks to both. It seems that even though I know about the change, I
forgot to make my repo up to date before checking.

The v17 attached changes only the following point (as well as
corresponding "expected" file).

-+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tablespace LOCATION :'testtablespace';
++CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tablespace LOCATION '';

regards.

-- 
Kyotaro Horiguchi
NTT Open Source Software Center
From c227842521de00d5da9dffb2f2dd86e8c1c171a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyoga.ntt@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2020 21:51:11 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v17 1/2] In-place table persistence change

Even though ALTER TABLE SET LOGGED/UNLOGGED does not require data
rewriting, currently it runs heap rewrite which causes large amount of
file I/O.  This patch makes the command run without heap rewrite.
Addition to that, SET LOGGED while wal_level > minimal emits WAL using
XLOG_FPI instead of massive number of HEAP_INSERT's, which should be
smaller.

Also this allows for the cleanup of files left behind in the crash of
the transaction that created it.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/smgrdesc.c        |  52 ++
 src/backend/access/transam/README             |   8 +
 src/backend/access/transam/xact.c             |   7 +
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c             |  17 +
 src/backend/catalog/storage.c                 | 545 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c              | 266 +++++++--
 src/backend/replication/basebackup.c          |   3 +-
 src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c           |  88 +++
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c                 |   4 +-
 src/backend/storage/file/reinit.c             | 344 +++++++----
 src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c                 |  94 ++-
 src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c               |  32 +
 src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c               |  20 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/parsexlog.c                 |  24 +
 src/common/relpath.c                          |  47 +-
 src/include/catalog/storage.h                 |   3 +
 src/include/catalog/storage_xlog.h            |  42 +-
 src/include/common/relpath.h                  |   9 +-
 src/include/storage/bufmgr.h                  |   2 +
 src/include/storage/fd.h                      |   1 +
 src/include/storage/md.h                      |   8 +-
 src/include/storage/reinit.h                  |  10 +-
 src/include/storage/smgr.h                    |  17 +
 src/test/recovery/t/027_persistence_change.pl | 263 +++++++++
 24 files changed, 1724 insertions(+), 182 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/recovery/t/027_persistence_change.pl

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/smgrdesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/smgrdesc.c
index 7547813254..2c674e5de0 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/smgrdesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/smgrdesc.c
@@ -40,6 +40,49 @@ smgr_desc(StringInfo buf, XLogReaderState *record)
                          xlrec->blkno, xlrec->flags);
         pfree(path);
     }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_unlink *xlrec = (xl_smgr_unlink *) rec;
+        char       *path = relpathperm(xlrec->rnode, xlrec->forkNum);
+
+        appendStringInfoString(buf, path);
+        pfree(path);
+    }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_MARK)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_mark *xlrec = (xl_smgr_mark *) rec;
+        char       *path = GetRelationPath(xlrec->rnode.dbNode,
+                                           xlrec->rnode.spcNode,
+                                           xlrec->rnode.relNode,
+                                           InvalidBackendId,
+                                           xlrec->forkNum, xlrec->mark);
+        char       *action;
+
+        switch (xlrec->action)
+        {
+            case XLOG_SMGR_MARK_CREATE:
+                action = "CREATE";
+                break;
+            case XLOG_SMGR_MARK_UNLINK:
+                action = "DELETE";
+                break;
+            default:
+                action = "<unknown action>";
+                break;
+        }
+
+        appendStringInfo(buf, "%s %s", action, path);
+        pfree(path);
+    }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_bufpersistence *xlrec = (xl_smgr_bufpersistence *) rec;
+        char       *path = relpathperm(xlrec->rnode, MAIN_FORKNUM);
+
+        appendStringInfoString(buf, path);
+        appendStringInfo(buf, " persistence %d", xlrec->persistence);
+        pfree(path);
+    }
 }
 
 const char *
@@ -55,6 +98,15 @@ smgr_identify(uint8 info)
         case XLOG_SMGR_TRUNCATE:
             id = "TRUNCATE";
             break;
+        case XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK:
+            id = "UNLINK";
+            break;
+        case XLOG_SMGR_MARK:
+            id = "MARK";
+            break;
+        case XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE:
+            id = "BUFPERSISTENCE";
+            break;
     }
 
     return id;
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/README b/src/backend/access/transam/README
index 1edc8180c1..b344bbe511 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/README
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/README
@@ -724,6 +724,14 @@ we must panic and abort recovery.  The DBA will have to manually clean up
 then restart recovery.  This is part of the reason for not writing a WAL
 entry until we've successfully done the original action.
 
+The Smgr MARK files
+--------------------------------
+
+An smgr mark file is created when a new relation file is created to
+mark the relfilenode needs to be cleaned up at recovery time.  In
+contrast to the four actions above, failure to remove smgr mark files
+will lead to data loss, in which case the server will shut down.
+
 
 Skipping WAL for New RelFileNode
 --------------------------------
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
index c9516e03fa..3c7010eb0f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
@@ -2197,6 +2197,9 @@ CommitTransaction(void)
      */
     smgrDoPendingSyncs(true, is_parallel_worker);
 
+    /* Likewise delete mark files for files created during this transaction. */
+    smgrDoPendingCleanups(true);
+
     /* close large objects before lower-level cleanup */
     AtEOXact_LargeObject(true);
 
@@ -2447,6 +2450,9 @@ PrepareTransaction(void)
      */
     smgrDoPendingSyncs(true, false);
 
+    /* Likewise delete mark files for files created during this transaction. */
+    smgrDoPendingCleanups(true);
+
     /* close large objects before lower-level cleanup */
     AtEOXact_LargeObject(true);
 
@@ -2772,6 +2778,7 @@ AbortTransaction(void)
     AfterTriggerEndXact(false); /* 'false' means it's abort */
     AtAbort_Portals();
     smgrDoPendingSyncs(false, is_parallel_worker);
+    smgrDoPendingCleanups(false);
     AtEOXact_LargeObject(false);
     AtAbort_Notify();
     AtEOXact_RelationMap(false, is_parallel_worker);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index c9d4cbf3ff..7cab6a0170 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "catalog/catversion.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_database.h"
+#include "catalog/storage.h"
 #include "commands/progress.h"
 #include "commands/tablespace.h"
 #include "common/controldata_utils.h"
@@ -4564,6 +4565,14 @@ ReadRecord(XLogReaderState *xlogreader, int emode,
             {
                 ereport(DEBUG1,
                         (errmsg_internal("reached end of WAL in pg_wal, entering archive recovery")));
+
+                /* cleanup garbage files left during crash recovery */
+                ResetUnloggedRelations(UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER |
+                                       UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP);
+
+                /* run rollback cleanup if any */
+                smgrDoPendingDeletes(false);
+
                 InArchiveRecovery = true;
                 if (StandbyModeRequested)
                     StandbyMode = true;
@@ -7824,6 +7833,14 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
                 }
             }
 
+            /* cleanup garbage files left during crash recovery */
+            if (!InArchiveRecovery)
+                ResetUnloggedRelations(UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER |
+                                       UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP);
+
+            /* run rollback cleanup if any */
+            smgrDoPendingDeletes(false);
+
             /* Allow resource managers to do any required cleanup. */
             for (rmid = 0; rmid <= RM_MAX_ID; rmid++)
             {
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/storage.c b/src/backend/catalog/storage.c
index 9b8075536a..92a9451e90 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/storage.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/storage.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "access/amapi.h"
 #include "access/parallel.h"
 #include "access/visibilitymap.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
@@ -66,6 +67,23 @@ typedef struct PendingRelDelete
     struct PendingRelDelete *next;    /* linked-list link */
 } PendingRelDelete;
 
+#define    PCOP_UNLINK_FORK        (1 << 0)
+#define    PCOP_UNLINK_MARK        (1 << 1)
+#define    PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE    (1 << 2)
+
+typedef struct PendingCleanup
+{
+    RelFileNode relnode;        /* relation that may need to be deleted */
+    int            op;                /* operation mask */
+    bool        bufpersistence;    /* buffer persistence to set */
+    int            unlink_forknum;    /* forknum to unlink */
+    StorageMarks unlink_mark;    /* mark to unlink */
+    BackendId    backend;        /* InvalidBackendId if not a temp rel */
+    bool        atCommit;        /* T=delete at commit; F=delete at abort */
+    int            nestLevel;        /* xact nesting level of request */
+    struct PendingCleanup *next;    /* linked-list link */
+} PendingCleanup;
+
 typedef struct PendingRelSync
 {
     RelFileNode rnode;
@@ -73,6 +91,7 @@ typedef struct PendingRelSync
 } PendingRelSync;
 
 static PendingRelDelete *pendingDeletes = NULL; /* head of linked list */
+static PendingCleanup   *pendingCleanups = NULL; /* head of linked list */
 HTAB       *pendingSyncHash = NULL;
 
 
@@ -117,7 +136,8 @@ AddPendingSync(const RelFileNode *rnode)
 SMgrRelation
 RelationCreateStorage(RelFileNode rnode, char relpersistence)
 {
-    PendingRelDelete *pending;
+    PendingRelDelete *pendingdel;
+    PendingCleanup     *pendingclean;
     SMgrRelation srel;
     BackendId    backend;
     bool        needs_wal;
@@ -143,21 +163,41 @@ RelationCreateStorage(RelFileNode rnode, char relpersistence)
             return NULL;        /* placate compiler */
     }
 
+    /*
+     * We are going to create a new storage file. If server crashes before the
+     * current transaction ends the file needs to be cleaned up. The
+     * SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITED mark file prompts that work at the next startup.
+     */
     srel = smgropen(rnode, backend);
+    log_smgrcreatemark(&rnode, MAIN_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED);
+    smgrcreatemark(srel, MAIN_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED, false);
     smgrcreate(srel, MAIN_FORKNUM, false);
 
     if (needs_wal)
         log_smgrcreate(&srel->smgr_rnode.node, MAIN_FORKNUM);
 
     /* Add the relation to the list of stuff to delete at abort */
-    pending = (PendingRelDelete *)
+    pendingdel = (PendingRelDelete *)
         MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingRelDelete));
-    pending->relnode = rnode;
-    pending->backend = backend;
-    pending->atCommit = false;    /* delete if abort */
-    pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
-    pending->next = pendingDeletes;
-    pendingDeletes = pending;
+    pendingdel->relnode = rnode;
+    pendingdel->backend = backend;
+    pendingdel->atCommit = false;    /* delete if abort */
+    pendingdel->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pendingdel->next = pendingDeletes;
+    pendingDeletes = pendingdel;
+
+    /* drop mark files at commit */
+    pendingclean = (PendingCleanup *)
+        MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+    pendingclean->relnode = rnode;
+    pendingclean->op = PCOP_UNLINK_MARK;
+    pendingclean->unlink_forknum = MAIN_FORKNUM;
+    pendingclean->unlink_mark = SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED;
+    pendingclean->backend = backend;
+    pendingclean->atCommit = true;
+    pendingclean->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pendingclean->next = pendingCleanups;
+    pendingCleanups = pendingclean;
 
     if (relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT && !XLogIsNeeded())
     {
@@ -168,6 +208,203 @@ RelationCreateStorage(RelFileNode rnode, char relpersistence)
     return srel;
 }
 
+/*
+ * RelationCreateInitFork
+ *        Create physical storage for the init fork of a relation.
+ *
+ * Create the init fork for the relation.
+ *
+ * This function is transactional. The creation is WAL-logged, and if the
+ * transaction aborts later on, the init fork will be removed.
+ */
+void
+RelationCreateInitFork(Relation rel)
+{
+    RelFileNode rnode = rel->rd_node;
+    PendingCleanup *pending;
+    PendingCleanup *prev;
+    PendingCleanup *next;
+    SMgrRelation srel;
+    bool              create = true;
+
+    /* switch buffer persistence */
+    SetRelationBuffersPersistence(RelationGetSmgr(rel), false, false);
+
+    /*
+     * If we have entries for init-fork operations on this relation, that means
+     * that we have already registered pending delete entries to drop an
+     * init-fork preexisting since before the current transaction started. This
+     * function reverts that change just by removing the entries.
+     */
+    prev = NULL;
+    for (pending = pendingCleanups; pending != NULL; pending = next)
+    {
+        next = pending->next;
+
+        if (RelFileNodeEquals(rnode, pending->relnode) &&
+            pending->unlink_forknum == INIT_FORKNUM)
+        {
+            if (prev)
+                prev->next = next;
+            else
+                pendingCleanups = next;
+
+            pfree(pending);
+            /* prev does not change */
+
+            create = false;
+        }
+        else
+            prev = pending;
+    }
+
+    if (!create)
+        return;
+
+    /*
+     * We are going to create an init fork. If server crashes before the
+     * current transaction ends the init fork left alone corrupts data while
+     * recovery.  The mark file works as the sentinel to identify that
+     * situation.
+     */
+    srel = smgropen(rnode, InvalidBackendId);
+    log_smgrcreatemark(&rnode, INIT_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED);
+    smgrcreatemark(srel, INIT_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED, false);
+
+    /* We don't have existing init fork, create it. */
+    smgrcreate(srel, INIT_FORKNUM, false);
+
+    /*
+     * index-init fork needs further initialization. ambuildempty shoud do
+     * WAL-log and file sync by itself but otherwise we do that by ourselves.
+     */
+    if (rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_INDEX)
+        rel->rd_indam->ambuildempty(rel);
+    else
+    {
+        log_smgrcreate(&rnode, INIT_FORKNUM);
+        smgrimmedsync(srel, INIT_FORKNUM);
+    }
+
+    /* drop the init fork, mark file and revert persistence at abort */
+    pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+        MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+    pending->relnode = rnode;
+    pending->op = PCOP_UNLINK_FORK | PCOP_UNLINK_MARK | PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE;
+    pending->unlink_forknum = INIT_FORKNUM;
+    pending->unlink_mark = SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED;
+    pending->bufpersistence = true;
+    pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+    pending->atCommit = false;
+    pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+    pendingCleanups = pending;
+
+    /* drop mark file at commit */
+    pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+        MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+    pending->relnode = rnode;
+    pending->op = PCOP_UNLINK_MARK;
+    pending->unlink_forknum = INIT_FORKNUM;
+    pending->unlink_mark = SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED;
+    pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+    pending->atCommit = true;
+    pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+    pendingCleanups = pending;
+}
+
+/*
+ * RelationDropInitFork
+ *        Delete physical storage for the init fork of a relation.
+ *
+ * Register pending-delete of the init fork. The real deletion is performed by
+ * smgrDoPendingDeletes at commit.
+ *
+ * This function is transactional. If the transaction aborts later on, the
+ * deletion doesn't happen.
+ */
+void
+RelationDropInitFork(Relation rel)
+{
+    RelFileNode rnode = rel->rd_node;
+    PendingCleanup *pending;
+    PendingCleanup *prev;
+    PendingCleanup *next;
+    bool            inxact_created = false;
+
+    /* switch buffer persistence */
+    SetRelationBuffersPersistence(RelationGetSmgr(rel), true, false);
+
+    /*
+     * If we have entries for init-fork operations of this relation, that means
+     * that we have created the init fork in the current transaction.  We
+     * remove the init fork and mark file immediately in that case.  Otherwise
+     * just register pending-delete for the existing init fork.
+     */
+    prev = NULL;
+    for (pending = pendingCleanups; pending != NULL; pending = next)
+    {
+        next = pending->next;
+
+        if (RelFileNodeEquals(rnode, pending->relnode) &&
+            pending->unlink_forknum != INIT_FORKNUM)
+        {
+            /* unlink list entry */
+            if (prev)
+                prev->next = next;
+            else
+                pendingCleanups = next;
+
+            pfree(pending);
+            /* prev does not change */
+
+            inxact_created = true;
+        }
+        else
+            prev = pending;
+    }
+
+    if (inxact_created)
+    {
+        SMgrRelation srel = smgropen(rnode, InvalidBackendId);
+
+        /*
+         * INIT forks never be loaded to shared buffer so no point in dropping
+         * buffers for such files.
+         */
+        log_smgrunlinkmark(&rnode, INIT_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED);
+        smgrunlinkmark(srel, INIT_FORKNUM, SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED, false);
+        log_smgrunlink(&rnode, INIT_FORKNUM);
+        smgrunlink(srel, INIT_FORKNUM, false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* register drop of this init fork file at commit */
+    pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+        MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+    pending->relnode = rnode;
+    pending->op = PCOP_UNLINK_FORK;
+    pending->unlink_forknum = INIT_FORKNUM;
+    pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+    pending->atCommit = true;
+    pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+    pendingCleanups = pending;
+
+    /* revert buffer-persistence changes at abort */
+    pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+        MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+    pending->relnode = rnode;
+    pending->op = PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE;
+    pending->bufpersistence = false;
+    pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+    pending->atCommit = false;
+    pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+    pendingCleanups = pending;
+}
+
 /*
  * Perform XLogInsert of an XLOG_SMGR_CREATE record to WAL.
  */
@@ -187,6 +424,88 @@ log_smgrcreate(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum)
     XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_CREATE | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Perform XLogInsert of an XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK record to WAL.
+ */
+void
+log_smgrunlink(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum)
+{
+    xl_smgr_unlink xlrec;
+
+    /*
+     * Make an XLOG entry reporting the file unlink.
+     */
+    xlrec.rnode = *rnode;
+    xlrec.forkNum = forkNum;
+
+    XLogBeginInsert();
+    XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, sizeof(xlrec));
+    XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform XLogInsert of an XLOG_SMGR_CREATEMARK record to WAL.
+ */
+void
+log_smgrcreatemark(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum,
+                   StorageMarks mark)
+{
+    xl_smgr_mark xlrec;
+
+    /*
+     * Make an XLOG entry reporting the file creation.
+     */
+    xlrec.rnode = *rnode;
+    xlrec.forkNum = forkNum;
+    xlrec.mark = mark;
+    xlrec.action = XLOG_SMGR_MARK_CREATE;
+
+    XLogBeginInsert();
+    XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, sizeof(xlrec));
+    XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_MARK | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform XLogInsert of an XLOG_SMGR_UNLINKMARK record to WAL.
+ */
+void
+log_smgrunlinkmark(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum,
+                   StorageMarks mark)
+{
+    xl_smgr_mark xlrec;
+
+    /*
+     * Make an XLOG entry reporting the file creation.
+     */
+    xlrec.rnode = *rnode;
+    xlrec.forkNum = forkNum;
+    xlrec.mark = mark;
+    xlrec.action = XLOG_SMGR_MARK_UNLINK;
+
+    XLogBeginInsert();
+    XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, sizeof(xlrec));
+    XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_MARK | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform XLogInsert of an XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE record to WAL.
+ */
+void
+log_smgrbufpersistence(const RelFileNode *rnode, bool persistence)
+{
+    xl_smgr_bufpersistence xlrec;
+
+    /*
+     * Make an XLOG entry reporting the change of buffer persistence.
+     */
+    xlrec.rnode = *rnode;
+    xlrec.persistence = persistence;
+
+    XLogBeginInsert();
+    XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, sizeof(xlrec));
+    XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
+}
+
 /*
  * RelationDropStorage
  *        Schedule unlinking of physical storage at transaction commit.
@@ -255,6 +574,7 @@ RelationPreserveStorage(RelFileNode rnode, bool atCommit)
                 prev->next = next;
             else
                 pendingDeletes = next;
+
             pfree(pending);
             /* prev does not change */
         }
@@ -673,6 +993,88 @@ smgrDoPendingDeletes(bool isCommit)
     }
 }
 
+/*
+ *    smgrDoPendingUnmark() -- Clean up work that emits WAL records
+ *
+ *  The operations handled in the function emits WAL records, which must be
+ *  emitted before the commit record for the current transaction.
+ */
+void
+smgrDoPendingCleanups(bool isCommit)
+{
+    int            nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+    PendingCleanup *pending;
+    PendingCleanup *prev;
+    PendingCleanup *next;
+
+    prev = NULL;
+    for (pending = pendingCleanups; pending != NULL; pending = next)
+    {
+        next = pending->next;
+        if (pending->nestLevel < nestLevel)
+        {
+            /* outer-level entries should not be processed yet */
+            prev = pending;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* unlink list entry first, so we don't retry on failure */
+            if (prev)
+                prev->next = next;
+            else
+                pendingCleanups = next;
+
+            /* do cleanup if called for */
+            if (pending->atCommit == isCommit)
+            {
+                SMgrRelation srel;
+
+                srel = smgropen(pending->relnode, pending->backend);
+
+                Assert ((pending->op &
+                         ~(PCOP_UNLINK_FORK | PCOP_UNLINK_MARK |
+                           PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE)) == 0);
+
+                if (pending->op & PCOP_UNLINK_FORK)
+                {
+                    /* other forks needs to drop buffers */
+                    Assert(pending->unlink_forknum == INIT_FORKNUM);
+
+                    /* Don't emit wal while recovery. */
+                    if (!InRecovery)
+                        log_smgrunlink(&pending->relnode,
+                                       pending->unlink_forknum);
+                    smgrunlink(srel, pending->unlink_forknum, false);
+                }
+
+                if (pending->op & PCOP_UNLINK_MARK)
+                {
+                    SMgrRelation srel;
+
+                    if (!InRecovery)
+                        log_smgrunlinkmark(&pending->relnode,
+                                           pending->unlink_forknum,
+                                           pending->unlink_mark);
+                    srel = smgropen(pending->relnode, pending->backend);
+                    smgrunlinkmark(srel, pending->unlink_forknum,
+                                   pending->unlink_mark, InRecovery);
+                    smgrclose(srel);
+                }
+
+                if (pending->op & PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE)
+                {
+                    SetRelationBuffersPersistence(srel, pending->bufpersistence,
+                                                  InRecovery);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* must explicitly free the list entry */
+            pfree(pending);
+            /* prev does not change */
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *    smgrDoPendingSyncs() -- Take care of relation syncs at end of xact.
  */
@@ -933,6 +1335,15 @@ smgr_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
         reln = smgropen(xlrec->rnode, InvalidBackendId);
         smgrcreate(reln, xlrec->forkNum, true);
     }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_unlink *xlrec = (xl_smgr_unlink *) XLogRecGetData(record);
+        SMgrRelation reln;
+
+        reln = smgropen(xlrec->rnode, InvalidBackendId);
+        smgrunlink(reln, xlrec->forkNum, true);
+        smgrclose(reln);
+    }
     else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_TRUNCATE)
     {
         xl_smgr_truncate *xlrec = (xl_smgr_truncate *) XLogRecGetData(record);
@@ -1021,6 +1432,124 @@ smgr_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 
         FreeFakeRelcacheEntry(rel);
     }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_MARK)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_mark *xlrec = (xl_smgr_mark *) XLogRecGetData(record);
+        SMgrRelation reln;
+        PendingCleanup *pending;
+        bool        created = false;
+
+        reln = smgropen(xlrec->rnode, InvalidBackendId);
+
+        switch (xlrec->action)
+        {
+            case XLOG_SMGR_MARK_CREATE:
+                smgrcreatemark(reln, xlrec->forkNum, xlrec->mark, true);
+                created = true;
+                break;
+            case XLOG_SMGR_MARK_UNLINK:
+                smgrunlinkmark(reln, xlrec->forkNum, xlrec->mark, true);
+                break;
+            default:
+                elog(ERROR, "unknown smgr_mark action \"%c\"", xlrec->mark);
+        }
+
+        if (created)
+        {
+            /* revert mark file operation at abort */
+            pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+                MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+            pending->relnode = xlrec->rnode;
+            pending->op = PCOP_UNLINK_MARK;
+            pending->unlink_forknum = xlrec->forkNum;
+            pending->unlink_mark = xlrec->mark;
+            pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+            pending->atCommit = false;
+            pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+            pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+            pendingCleanups = pending;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /*
+             * Delete pending action for this mark file if any. We should have
+             * at most one entry for this action.
+             */
+            PendingCleanup *prev = NULL;
+
+            for (pending = pendingCleanups; pending != NULL;
+                 pending = pending->next)
+            {
+                if (RelFileNodeEquals(xlrec->rnode, pending->relnode) &&
+                    pending->unlink_forknum == xlrec->forkNum &&
+                    (pending->op & PCOP_UNLINK_MARK) != 0)
+                {
+                    if (prev)
+                        prev->next = pending->next;
+                    else
+                        pendingCleanups = pending->next;
+
+                    pfree(pending);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                prev = pending;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (info == XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE)
+    {
+        xl_smgr_bufpersistence *xlrec =
+            (xl_smgr_bufpersistence *) XLogRecGetData(record);
+        SMgrRelation reln;
+        PendingCleanup *pending;
+        PendingCleanup *prev = NULL;
+
+        reln = smgropen(xlrec->rnode, InvalidBackendId);
+        SetRelationBuffersPersistence(reln, xlrec->persistence, true);
+
+        /*
+         * Delete pending action for persistence change if any. We should have
+         * at most one entry for this action.
+         */
+        for (pending = pendingCleanups; pending != NULL;
+             pending = pending->next)
+        {
+            if (RelFileNodeEquals(xlrec->rnode, pending->relnode) &&
+                (pending->op & PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE) != 0)
+            {
+                Assert (pending->bufpersistence == xlrec->persistence);
+
+                if (prev)
+                    prev->next = pending->next;
+                else
+                    pendingCleanups = pending->next;
+
+                pfree(pending);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            prev = pending;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Revert buffer-persistence changes at abort if the relation is going
+         * to different persistence from before this transaction.
+         */
+        if (!pending)
+        {
+            pending = (PendingCleanup *)
+                MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, sizeof(PendingCleanup));
+            pending->relnode = xlrec->rnode;
+            pending->op = PCOP_SET_PERSISTENCE;
+            pending->bufpersistence = !xlrec->persistence;
+            pending->backend = InvalidBackendId;
+            pending->atCommit = false;
+            pending->nestLevel = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
+            pending->next = pendingCleanups;
+            pendingCleanups = pending;
+        }
+    }
     else
         elog(PANIC, "smgr_redo: unknown op code %u", info);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 1f0654c2f5..9e673ba68f 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "commands/defrem.h"
 #include "commands/event_trigger.h"
 #include "commands/policy.h"
+#include "commands/progress.h"
 #include "commands/sequence.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/tablespace.h"
@@ -5346,6 +5347,187 @@ ATParseTransformCmd(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
     return newcmd;
 }
 
+/*
+ * RelationChangePersistence: do in-place persistence change of a relation
+ */
+static void
+RelationChangePersistence(AlteredTableInfo *tab, char persistence,
+                          LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+    Relation     rel;
+    Relation    classRel;
+    HeapTuple    tuple,
+                newtuple;
+    Datum        new_val[Natts_pg_class];
+    bool        new_null[Natts_pg_class],
+                new_repl[Natts_pg_class];
+    int            i;
+    List       *relids;
+    ListCell   *lc_oid;
+
+    Assert(tab->rewrite == AT_REWRITE_ALTER_PERSISTENCE);
+    Assert(lockmode == AccessExclusiveLock);
+
+    /*
+     * Under the following condition, we need to call ATRewriteTable, which
+     * cannot be false in the AT_REWRITE_ALTER_PERSISTENCE case.
+     */
+    Assert(tab->constraints == NULL && tab->partition_constraint == NULL &&
+           tab->newvals == NULL && !tab->verify_new_notnull);
+
+    rel = table_open(tab->relid, lockmode);
+
+    Assert(rel->rd_rel->relpersistence != persistence);
+
+    elog(DEBUG1, "perform in-place persistnce change");
+
+    /*
+     * First we collect all relations that we need to change persistence.
+     */
+
+    /* Collect OIDs of indexes and toast relations */
+    relids = RelationGetIndexList(rel);
+    relids = lcons_oid(rel->rd_id, relids);
+
+    /* Add toast relation if any */
+    if (OidIsValid(rel->rd_rel->reltoastrelid))
+    {
+        List    *toastidx;
+        Relation toastrel = table_open(rel->rd_rel->reltoastrelid, lockmode);
+
+        relids = lappend_oid(relids, rel->rd_rel->reltoastrelid);
+        toastidx = RelationGetIndexList(toastrel);
+        relids = list_concat(relids, toastidx);
+        pfree(toastidx);
+        table_close(toastrel, NoLock);
+    }
+
+    table_close(rel, NoLock);
+
+    /* Make changes in storage */
+    classRel = table_open(RelationRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
+
+    foreach (lc_oid, relids)
+    {
+        Oid reloid = lfirst_oid(lc_oid);
+        Relation r = relation_open(reloid, lockmode);
+
+        /*
+         * XXXX: Some access methods do not bear up an in-place persistence
+         * change. Specifically, GiST uses page LSNs to figure out whether a
+         * block has changed, where UNLOGGED GiST indexes use fake LSNs that
+         * are incompatible with real LSNs used for LOGGED ones.
+         *
+         * Maybe if gistGetFakeLSN behaved the same way for permanent and
+         * unlogged indexes, we could skip index rebuild in exchange of some
+         * extra WAL records emitted while it is unlogged.
+         *
+         * Check relam against a positive list so that we take this way for
+         * unknown AMs.
+         */
+        if (r->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_INDEX &&
+            /* GiST is excluded */
+            r->rd_rel->relam != BTREE_AM_OID &&
+            r->rd_rel->relam != HASH_AM_OID &&
+            r->rd_rel->relam != GIN_AM_OID &&
+            r->rd_rel->relam != SPGIST_AM_OID &&
+            r->rd_rel->relam != BRIN_AM_OID)
+        {
+            int            reindex_flags;
+            ReindexParams params = {0};
+
+            /* reindex doesn't allow concurrent use of the index */
+            table_close(r, NoLock);
+
+            reindex_flags =
+                REINDEX_REL_SUPPRESS_INDEX_USE |
+                REINDEX_REL_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS;
+
+            /* Set the same persistence with the parent relation. */
+            if (persistence == RELPERSISTENCE_UNLOGGED)
+                reindex_flags |= REINDEX_REL_FORCE_INDEXES_UNLOGGED;
+            else
+                reindex_flags |= REINDEX_REL_FORCE_INDEXES_PERMANENT;
+
+            reindex_index(reloid, reindex_flags, persistence, ¶ms);
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Create or drop init fork */
+        if (persistence == RELPERSISTENCE_UNLOGGED)
+            RelationCreateInitFork(r);
+        else
+            RelationDropInitFork(r);
+
+        /*
+         * When this relation gets WAL-logged, immediately sync all files but
+         * initfork to establish the initial state on storage.  Buffers have
+         * already flushed out by RelationCreate(Drop)InitFork called just
+         * above. Initfork should have been synced as needed.
+         */
+        if (persistence == RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT)
+        {
+            for (i = 0 ; i < INIT_FORKNUM ; i++)
+            {
+                if (smgrexists(RelationGetSmgr(r), i))
+                    smgrimmedsync(RelationGetSmgr(r), i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Update catalog */
+        tuple = SearchSysCacheCopy1(RELOID,    ObjectIdGetDatum(reloid));
+        if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
+            elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", reloid);
+
+        memset(new_val, 0, sizeof(new_val));
+        memset(new_null, false, sizeof(new_null));
+        memset(new_repl, false, sizeof(new_repl));
+
+        new_val[Anum_pg_class_relpersistence - 1] = CharGetDatum(persistence);
+        new_null[Anum_pg_class_relpersistence - 1] = false;
+        new_repl[Anum_pg_class_relpersistence - 1] = true;
+
+        newtuple = heap_modify_tuple(tuple, RelationGetDescr(classRel),
+                                     new_val, new_null, new_repl);
+
+        CatalogTupleUpdate(classRel, &newtuple->t_self, newtuple);
+        heap_freetuple(newtuple);
+
+        /*
+         * While wal_level >= replica, switching to LOGGED requires the
+         * relation content to be WAL-logged to recover the table.
+         * We don't emit this fhile wal_level = minimal.
+         */
+        if (persistence == RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT && XLogIsNeeded())
+        {
+            ForkNumber fork;
+            xl_smgr_truncate xlrec;
+
+            xlrec.blkno = 0;
+            xlrec.rnode = r->rd_node;
+            xlrec.flags = SMGR_TRUNCATE_ALL;
+
+            XLogBeginInsert();
+            XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, sizeof(xlrec));
+
+            XLogInsert(RM_SMGR_ID, XLOG_SMGR_TRUNCATE | XLR_SPECIAL_REL_UPDATE);
+
+            for (fork = 0; fork < INIT_FORKNUM ; fork++)
+            {
+                if (smgrexists(RelationGetSmgr(r), fork))
+                    log_newpage_range(r, fork, 0,
+                                      smgrnblocks(RelationGetSmgr(r), fork),
+                                      false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        table_close(r, NoLock);
+    }
+
+    table_close(classRel, NoLock);
+}
+
 /*
  * ATRewriteTables: ALTER TABLE phase 3
  */
@@ -5476,47 +5658,55 @@ ATRewriteTables(AlterTableStmt *parsetree, List **wqueue, LOCKMODE lockmode,
                                          tab->relid,
                                          tab->rewrite);
 
-            /*
-             * Create transient table that will receive the modified data.
-             *
-             * Ensure it is marked correctly as logged or unlogged.  We have
-             * to do this here so that buffers for the new relfilenode will
-             * have the right persistence set, and at the same time ensure
-             * that the original filenode's buffers will get read in with the
-             * correct setting (i.e. the original one).  Otherwise a rollback
-             * after the rewrite would possibly result with buffers for the
-             * original filenode having the wrong persistence setting.
-             *
-             * NB: This relies on swap_relation_files() also swapping the
-             * persistence. That wouldn't work for pg_class, but that can't be
-             * unlogged anyway.
-             */
-            OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(tab->relid, NewTableSpace, NewAccessMethod,
-                                       persistence, lockmode);
+            if (tab->rewrite == AT_REWRITE_ALTER_PERSISTENCE)
+                RelationChangePersistence(tab, persistence, lockmode);
+            else
+            {
+                /*
+                 * Create transient table that will receive the modified data.
+                 *
+                 * Ensure it is marked correctly as logged or unlogged.  We
+                 * have to do this here so that buffers for the new relfilenode
+                 * will have the right persistence set, and at the same time
+                 * ensure that the original filenode's buffers will get read in
+                 * with the correct setting (i.e. the original one).  Otherwise
+                 * a rollback after the rewrite would possibly result with
+                 * buffers for the original filenode having the wrong
+                 * persistence setting.
+                 *
+                 * NB: This relies on swap_relation_files() also swapping the
+                 * persistence. That wouldn't work for pg_class, but that can't
+                 * be unlogged anyway.
+                 */
+                OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(tab->relid, NewTableSpace,
+                                           NewAccessMethod,
+                                           persistence, lockmode);
 
-            /*
-             * Copy the heap data into the new table with the desired
-             * modifications, and test the current data within the table
-             * against new constraints generated by ALTER TABLE commands.
-             */
-            ATRewriteTable(tab, OIDNewHeap, lockmode);
+                /*
+                 * Copy the heap data into the new table with the desired
+                 * modifications, and test the current data within the table
+                 * against new constraints generated by ALTER TABLE commands.
+                 */
+                ATRewriteTable(tab, OIDNewHeap, lockmode);
 
-            /*
-             * Swap the physical files of the old and new heaps, then rebuild
-             * indexes and discard the old heap.  We can use RecentXmin for
-             * the table's new relfrozenxid because we rewrote all the tuples
-             * in ATRewriteTable, so no older Xid remains in the table.  Also,
-             * we never try to swap toast tables by content, since we have no
-             * interest in letting this code work on system catalogs.
-             */
-            finish_heap_swap(tab->relid, OIDNewHeap,
-                             false, false, true,
-                             !OidIsValid(tab->newTableSpace),
-                             RecentXmin,
-                             ReadNextMultiXactId(),
-                             persistence);
+                /*
+                 * Swap the physical files of the old and new heaps, then
+                 * rebuild indexes and discard the old heap.  We can use
+                 * RecentXmin for the table's new relfrozenxid because we
+                 * rewrote all the tuples in ATRewriteTable, so no older Xid
+                 * remains in the table.  Also, we never try to swap toast
+                 * tables by content, since we have no interest in letting this
+                 * code work on system catalogs.
+                 */
+                finish_heap_swap(tab->relid, OIDNewHeap,
+                                 false, false, true,
+                                 !OidIsValid(tab->newTableSpace),
+                                 RecentXmin,
+                                 ReadNextMultiXactId(),
+                                 persistence);
 
-            InvokeObjectPostAlterHook(RelationRelationId, tab->relid, 0);
+                InvokeObjectPostAlterHook(RelationRelationId, tab->relid, 0);
+            }
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c b/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
index 3afbbe7e02..3f16b5f58c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
@@ -1102,6 +1102,7 @@ sendDir(bbsink *sink, const char *path, int basepathlen, bool sizeonly,
         bool        excludeFound;
         ForkNumber    relForkNum; /* Type of fork if file is a relation */
         int            relOidChars;    /* Chars in filename that are the rel oid */
+        StorageMarks mark;
 
         /* Skip special stuff */
         if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
@@ -1152,7 +1153,7 @@ sendDir(bbsink *sink, const char *path, int basepathlen, bool sizeonly,
         /* Exclude all forks for unlogged tables except the init fork */
         if (isDbDir &&
             parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &relOidChars,
-                                                &relForkNum))
+                                                &relForkNum, &mark))
         {
             /* Never exclude init forks */
             if (relForkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
index a2512e750c..6384b4efbe 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/buffer/bufmgr.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "access/xlogutils.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
 #include "catalog/storage.h"
+#include "catalog/storage_xlog.h"
 #include "executor/instrument.h"
 #include "lib/binaryheap.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -3154,6 +3155,93 @@ DropRelFileNodeBuffers(SMgrRelation smgr_reln, ForkNumber *forkNum,
     }
 }
 
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        SetRelFileNodeBuffersPersistence
+ *
+ *        This function changes the persistence of all buffer pages of a relation
+ *        then writes all dirty pages of the relation out to disk when switching
+ *        to PERMANENT. (or more accurately, out to kernel disk buffers),
+ *        ensuring that the kernel has an up-to-date view of the relation.
+ *
+ *        Generally, the caller should be holding AccessExclusiveLock on the
+ *        target relation to ensure that no other backend is busy dirtying
+ *        more blocks of the relation; the effects can't be expected to last
+ *        after the lock is released.
+ *
+ *        XXX currently it sequentially searches the buffer pool, should be
+ *        changed to more clever ways of searching.  This routine is not
+ *        used in any performance-critical code paths, so it's not worth
+ *        adding additional overhead to normal paths to make it go faster;
+ *        but see also DropRelFileNodeBuffers.
+ * --------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+void
+SetRelationBuffersPersistence(SMgrRelation srel, bool permanent, bool isRedo)
+{
+    int            i;
+    RelFileNodeBackend rnode = srel->smgr_rnode;
+
+    Assert (!RelFileNodeBackendIsTemp(rnode));
+
+    if (!isRedo)
+        log_smgrbufpersistence(&srel->smgr_rnode.node, permanent);
+
+    ResourceOwnerEnlargeBuffers(CurrentResourceOwner);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NBuffers; i++)
+    {
+        BufferDesc *bufHdr = GetBufferDescriptor(i);
+        uint32        buf_state;
+
+        if (!RelFileNodeEquals(bufHdr->tag.rnode, rnode.node))
+            continue;
+
+        ReservePrivateRefCountEntry();
+
+        buf_state = LockBufHdr(bufHdr);
+
+        if (!RelFileNodeEquals(bufHdr->tag.rnode, rnode.node))
+        {
+            UnlockBufHdr(bufHdr, buf_state);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (permanent)
+        {
+            /* Init fork is being dropped, drop buffers for it. */
+            if (bufHdr->tag.forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM)
+            {
+                InvalidateBuffer(bufHdr);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            buf_state |= BM_PERMANENT;
+            pg_atomic_write_u32(&bufHdr->state, buf_state);
+
+            /* we flush this buffer when switching to PERMANENT */
+            if ((buf_state & (BM_VALID | BM_DIRTY)) == (BM_VALID | BM_DIRTY))
+            {
+                PinBuffer_Locked(bufHdr);
+                LWLockAcquire(BufferDescriptorGetContentLock(bufHdr),
+                              LW_SHARED);
+                FlushBuffer(bufHdr, srel);
+                LWLockRelease(BufferDescriptorGetContentLock(bufHdr));
+                UnpinBuffer(bufHdr, true);
+            }
+            else
+                UnlockBufHdr(bufHdr, buf_state);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* init fork is always BM_PERMANENT. See BufferAlloc */
+            if (bufHdr->tag.forkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
+                buf_state &= ~BM_PERMANENT;
+
+            UnlockBufHdr(bufHdr, buf_state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  *        DropRelFileNodesAllBuffers
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index 14b77f2861..2fc9f17c28 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -349,8 +349,6 @@ static void pre_sync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir, int elevel);
 static void datadir_fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir, int elevel);
 static void unlink_if_exists_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir, int elevel);
 
-static int    fsync_parent_path(const char *fname, int elevel);
-
 
 /*
  * pg_fsync --- do fsync with or without writethrough
@@ -3759,7 +3757,7 @@ fsync_fname_ext(const char *fname, bool isdir, bool ignore_perm, int elevel)
  * This is aimed at making file operations persistent on disk in case of
  * an OS crash or power failure.
  */
-static int
+int
 fsync_parent_path(const char *fname, int elevel)
 {
     char        parentpath[MAXPGPATH];
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/reinit.c b/src/backend/storage/file/reinit.c
index f053fe0495..1124e95d0d 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/reinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/reinit.c
@@ -16,29 +16,49 @@
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "access/xlog.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_tablespace_d.h"
 #include "common/relpath.h"
 #include "postmaster/startup.h"
+#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
 #include "storage/copydir.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
+#include "storage/md.h"
 #include "storage/reinit.h"
+#include "storage/smgr.h"
 #include "utils/hsearch.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 
 static void ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname,
-                                                  int op);
+                                                  Oid tspid, int op);
 static void ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname,
-                                               int op);
+                                               Oid tspid, Oid dbid, int op);
 
 typedef struct
 {
     Oid            reloid;            /* hash key */
-} unlogged_relation_entry;
+    bool        has_init;        /* has INIT fork */
+    bool        dirty_init;        /* needs to remove INIT fork */
+    bool        dirty_all;        /* needs to remove all forks */
+} relfile_entry;
 
 /*
- * Reset unlogged relations from before the last restart.
+ * Clean up and reset relation files from before the last restart.
  *
- * If op includes UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP, we remove all forks of any
- * relation with an "init" fork, except for the "init" fork itself.
+ * If op includes UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP, we perform different operations
+ * depending on the existence of the "cleanup" forks.
+ *
+ * If SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED mark file for init fork is present, we remove the
+ * init fork along with the mark file.
+ *
+ * If SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED mark file for main fork is present we remove the
+ * whole relation along with the mark file.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, if the "init" fork is found.  we remove all forks of any relation
+ * with the "init" fork, except for the "init" fork itself.
+ *
+ * If op includes UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER, we drop all buffers for all
+ * relations that have the "cleanup" and/or the "init" forks.
  *
  * If op includes UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT, we copy the "init" fork to the main
  * fork.
@@ -72,7 +92,7 @@ ResetUnloggedRelations(int op)
     /*
      * First process unlogged files in pg_default ($PGDATA/base)
      */
-    ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir("base", op);
+    ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir("base", DEFAULTTABLESPACE_OID, op);
 
     /*
      * Cycle through directories for all non-default tablespaces.
@@ -81,13 +101,19 @@ ResetUnloggedRelations(int op)
 
     while ((spc_de = ReadDir(spc_dir, "pg_tblspc")) != NULL)
     {
+        Oid tspid;
+
         if (strcmp(spc_de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
             strcmp(spc_de->d_name, "..") == 0)
             continue;
 
         snprintf(temp_path, sizeof(temp_path), "pg_tblspc/%s/%s",
                  spc_de->d_name, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY);
-        ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(temp_path, op);
+
+        tspid = atooid(spc_de->d_name);
+
+        Assert(tspid != 0);
+        ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(temp_path, tspid, op);
     }
 
     FreeDir(spc_dir);
@@ -103,7 +129,8 @@ ResetUnloggedRelations(int op)
  * Process one tablespace directory for ResetUnloggedRelations
  */
 static void
-ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname, int op)
+ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname,
+                                      Oid tspid, int op)
 {
     DIR           *ts_dir;
     struct dirent *de;
@@ -130,6 +157,8 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname, int op)
 
     while ((de = ReadDir(ts_dir, tsdirname)) != NULL)
     {
+        Oid dbid;
+
         /*
          * We're only interested in the per-database directories, which have
          * numeric names.  Note that this code will also (properly) ignore "."
@@ -148,7 +177,10 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname, int op)
             ereport_startup_progress("resetting unlogged relations (cleanup), elapsed time: %ld.%02d s, current path:
%s",
                                      dbspace_path);
 
-        ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(dbspace_path, op);
+        dbid = atooid(de->d_name);
+        Assert(dbid != 0);
+
+        ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(dbspace_path, tspid, dbid, op);
     }
 
     FreeDir(ts_dir);
@@ -158,125 +190,227 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInTablespaceDir(const char *tsdirname, int op)
  * Process one per-dbspace directory for ResetUnloggedRelations
  */
 static void
-ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname, int op)
+ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname,
+                                   Oid tspid, Oid dbid, int op)
 {
     DIR           *dbspace_dir;
     struct dirent *de;
     char        rm_path[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+    HTAB       *hash;
+    HASHCTL        ctl;
 
     /* Caller must specify at least one operation. */
-    Assert((op & (UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP | UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT)) != 0);
+    Assert((op & (UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP |
+                  UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER |
+                  UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT)) != 0);
 
     /*
      * Cleanup is a two-pass operation.  First, we go through and identify all
      * the files with init forks.  Then, we go through again and nuke
      * everything with the same OID except the init fork.
      */
+
+    /*
+     * It's possible that someone could create tons of unlogged relations in
+     * the same database & tablespace, so we'd better use a hash table rather
+     * than an array or linked list to keep track of which files need to be
+     * reset.  Otherwise, this cleanup operation would be O(n^2).
+     */
+    memset(&ctl, 0, sizeof(ctl));
+    ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
+    ctl.entrysize = sizeof(relfile_entry);
+    hash = hash_create("relfilenode cleanup hash",
+                       32, &ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
+
+    /* Collect INIT fork and mark files in the directory. */
+    dbspace_dir = AllocateDir(dbspacedirname);
+    while ((de = ReadDir(dbspace_dir, dbspacedirname)) != NULL)
+    {
+        int            oidchars;
+        ForkNumber    forkNum;
+        StorageMarks mark;
+
+        /* Skip anything that doesn't look like a relation data file. */
+        if (!parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &oidchars,
+                                                 &forkNum, &mark))
+            continue;
+
+        if (forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM || mark == SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED)
+        {
+            Oid                key;
+            relfile_entry  *ent;
+            bool            found;
+
+            /*
+             * Record the relfilenode information. If it has
+             * SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED mark files, the relfilenode is in dirty
+             * state, where clean up is needed.
+             */
+            key = atooid(de->d_name);
+            ent = hash_search(hash, &key, HASH_ENTER, &found);
+
+            if (!found)
+            {
+                ent->has_init = false;
+                ent->dirty_init = false;
+                ent->dirty_all = false;
+            }
+
+            if (forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM && mark == SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED)
+                ent->dirty_init = true;
+            else if (forkNum == MAIN_FORKNUM && mark == SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED)
+                ent->dirty_all = true;
+            else
+            {
+                Assert(forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM);
+                ent->has_init = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Done with the first pass. */
+    FreeDir(dbspace_dir);
+
+    /* nothing to do if we don't have init nor cleanup forks */
+    if (hash_get_num_entries(hash) < 1)
+    {
+        hash_destroy(hash);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((op & UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER) != 0)
+    {
+        /*
+         * When we come here after recovery, smgr object for this file might
+         * have been created. In that case we need to drop all buffers then the
+         * smgr object before initializing the unlogged relation.  This is safe
+         * as far as no other backends have accessed the relation before
+         * starting archive recovery.
+         */
+        HASH_SEQ_STATUS status;
+        relfile_entry *ent;
+        SMgrRelation   *srels = palloc(sizeof(SMgrRelation) * 8);
+        int               maxrels = 8;
+        int               nrels = 0;
+        int i;
+
+        Assert(!HotStandbyActive());
+
+        hash_seq_init(&status, hash);
+        while((ent = (relfile_entry *) hash_seq_search(&status)) != NULL)
+        {
+            RelFileNodeBackend rel;
+
+            /*
+             * The relation is persistent and stays remain persistent. Don't
+             * drop the buffers for this relation.
+             */
+            if (ent->has_init && ent->dirty_init)
+                continue;
+
+            if (maxrels <= nrels)
+            {
+                maxrels *= 2;
+                srels = repalloc(srels, sizeof(SMgrRelation) * maxrels);
+            }
+
+            rel.backend = InvalidBackendId;
+            rel.node.spcNode = tspid;
+            rel.node.dbNode = dbid;
+            rel.node.relNode = ent->reloid;
+
+            srels[nrels++] = smgropen(rel.node, InvalidBackendId);
+        }
+
+        DropRelFileNodesAllBuffers(srels, nrels);
+
+        for (i = 0 ; i < nrels ; i++)
+            smgrclose(srels[i]);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Now, make a second pass and remove anything that matches.
+     */
     if ((op & UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP) != 0)
     {
-        HTAB       *hash;
-        HASHCTL        ctl;
-
-        /*
-         * It's possible that someone could create a ton of unlogged relations
-         * in the same database & tablespace, so we'd better use a hash table
-         * rather than an array or linked list to keep track of which files
-         * need to be reset.  Otherwise, this cleanup operation would be
-         * O(n^2).
-         */
-        ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
-        ctl.entrysize = sizeof(unlogged_relation_entry);
-        ctl.hcxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
-        hash = hash_create("unlogged relation OIDs", 32, &ctl,
-                           HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS | HASH_CONTEXT);
-
-        /* Scan the directory. */
         dbspace_dir = AllocateDir(dbspacedirname);
         while ((de = ReadDir(dbspace_dir, dbspacedirname)) != NULL)
         {
-            ForkNumber    forkNum;
-            int            oidchars;
-            unlogged_relation_entry ent;
+            ForkNumber        forkNum;
+            StorageMarks    mark;
+            int                oidchars;
+            Oid                key;
+            relfile_entry  *ent;
+            RelFileNodeBackend rel;
 
             /* Skip anything that doesn't look like a relation data file. */
             if (!parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &oidchars,
-                                                     &forkNum))
-                continue;
-
-            /* Also skip it unless this is the init fork. */
-            if (forkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
-                continue;
-
-            /*
-             * Put the OID portion of the name into the hash table, if it
-             * isn't already.
-             */
-            ent.reloid = atooid(de->d_name);
-            (void) hash_search(hash, &ent, HASH_ENTER, NULL);
-        }
-
-        /* Done with the first pass. */
-        FreeDir(dbspace_dir);
-
-        /*
-         * If we didn't find any init forks, there's no point in continuing;
-         * we can bail out now.
-         */
-        if (hash_get_num_entries(hash) == 0)
-        {
-            hash_destroy(hash);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * Now, make a second pass and remove anything that matches.
-         */
-        dbspace_dir = AllocateDir(dbspacedirname);
-        while ((de = ReadDir(dbspace_dir, dbspacedirname)) != NULL)
-        {
-            ForkNumber    forkNum;
-            int            oidchars;
-            unlogged_relation_entry ent;
-
-            /* Skip anything that doesn't look like a relation data file. */
-            if (!parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &oidchars,
-                                                     &forkNum))
-                continue;
-
-            /* We never remove the init fork. */
-            if (forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM)
+                                                     &forkNum, &mark))
                 continue;
 
             /*
              * See whether the OID portion of the name shows up in the hash
              * table.  If so, nuke it!
              */
-            ent.reloid = atooid(de->d_name);
-            if (hash_search(hash, &ent, HASH_FIND, NULL))
+            key = atooid(de->d_name);
+            ent = hash_search(hash, &key, HASH_FIND, NULL);
+
+            if (!ent)
+                continue;
+
+            if (!ent->dirty_all)
             {
-                snprintf(rm_path, sizeof(rm_path), "%s/%s",
-                         dbspacedirname, de->d_name);
-                if (unlink(rm_path) < 0)
-                    ereport(ERROR,
-                            (errcode_for_file_access(),
-                             errmsg("could not remove file \"%s\": %m",
-                                    rm_path)));
+                /* clean permanent relations don't need cleanup */
+                if (!ent->has_init)
+                    continue;
+
+                if (ent->dirty_init)
+                {
+                    /*
+                     * The crashed trasaction did SET UNLOGGED. This relation
+                     * is restored to a LOGGED relation.
+                     */
+                    if (forkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
+                        continue;
+                }
                 else
-                    elog(DEBUG2, "unlinked file \"%s\"", rm_path);
+                {
+                    /*
+                     * we don't remove the INIT fork of a non-dirty
+                     * relfilenode
+                     */
+                    if (forkNum == INIT_FORKNUM && mark == SMGR_MARK_NONE)
+                        continue;
+                }
             }
+
+            /* so, nuke it! */
+            snprintf(rm_path, sizeof(rm_path), "%s/%s",
+                     dbspacedirname, de->d_name);
+            if (unlink(rm_path) < 0)
+                ereport(ERROR,
+                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                         errmsg("could not remove file \"%s\": %m",
+                                rm_path)));
+
+            rel.backend = InvalidBackendId;
+            rel.node.spcNode = tspid;
+            rel.node.dbNode = dbid;
+            rel.node.relNode = atooid(de->d_name);
+
+            ForgetRelationForkSyncRequests(rel, forkNum);
         }
 
         /* Cleanup is complete. */
         FreeDir(dbspace_dir);
-        hash_destroy(hash);
     }
 
+    hash_destroy(hash);
+    hash = NULL;
+
     /*
      * Initialization happens after cleanup is complete: we copy each init
-     * fork file to the corresponding main fork file.  Note that if we are
-     * asked to do both cleanup and init, we may never get here: if the
-     * cleanup code determines that there are no init forks in this dbspace,
-     * it will return before we get to this point.
+     * fork file to the corresponding main fork file.
      */
     if ((op & UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT) != 0)
     {
@@ -285,6 +419,7 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname, int op)
         while ((de = ReadDir(dbspace_dir, dbspacedirname)) != NULL)
         {
             ForkNumber    forkNum;
+            StorageMarks mark;
             int            oidchars;
             char        oidbuf[OIDCHARS + 1];
             char        srcpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
@@ -292,9 +427,11 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname, int op)
 
             /* Skip anything that doesn't look like a relation data file. */
             if (!parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &oidchars,
-                                                     &forkNum))
+                                                     &forkNum, &mark))
                 continue;
 
+            Assert(mark == SMGR_MARK_NONE);
+
             /* Also skip it unless this is the init fork. */
             if (forkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
                 continue;
@@ -328,15 +465,18 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname, int op)
         while ((de = ReadDir(dbspace_dir, dbspacedirname)) != NULL)
         {
             ForkNumber    forkNum;
+            StorageMarks mark;
             int            oidchars;
             char        oidbuf[OIDCHARS + 1];
             char        mainpath[MAXPGPATH];
 
             /* Skip anything that doesn't look like a relation data file. */
             if (!parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(de->d_name, &oidchars,
-                                                     &forkNum))
+                                                     &forkNum, &mark))
                 continue;
 
+            Assert(mark == SMGR_MARK_NONE);
+
             /* Also skip it unless this is the init fork. */
             if (forkNum != INIT_FORKNUM)
                 continue;
@@ -379,7 +519,7 @@ ResetUnloggedRelationsInDbspaceDir(const char *dbspacedirname, int op)
  */
 bool
 parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(const char *name, int *oidchars,
-                                    ForkNumber *fork)
+                                    ForkNumber *fork, StorageMarks *mark)
 {
     int            pos;
 
@@ -410,11 +550,19 @@ parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(const char *name, int *oidchars,
 
         for (segchar = 1; isdigit((unsigned char) name[pos + segchar]); ++segchar)
             ;
-        if (segchar <= 1)
-            return false;
-        pos += segchar;
+        if (segchar > 1)
+            pos += segchar;
     }
 
+    /* mark file? */
+    if (name[pos] == '.' && name[pos + 1] != 0)
+    {
+        *mark = name[pos + 1];
+        pos += 2;
+    }
+    else
+        *mark = SMGR_MARK_NONE;
+
     /* Now we should be at the end. */
     if (name[pos] != '\0')
         return false;
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c b/src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c
index d26c915f90..007efe68a5 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ static MdfdVec *_mdfd_getseg(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkno,
                              BlockNumber blkno, bool skipFsync, int behavior);
 static BlockNumber _mdnblocks(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
                               MdfdVec *seg);
-
+static bool mdmarkexists(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkNum,
+                         StorageMarks mark);
 
 /*
  *    mdinit() -- Initialize private state for magnetic disk storage manager.
@@ -169,6 +170,82 @@ mdexists(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkNum)
     return (mdopenfork(reln, forkNum, EXTENSION_RETURN_NULL) != NULL);
 }
 
+/*
+ *  mdcreatemark() -- Create a mark file.
+ *
+ * If isRedo is true, it's okay for the file to exist already.
+ */
+void
+mdcreatemark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, StorageMarks mark,
+             bool isRedo)
+{
+    char   *path =markpath(reln->smgr_rnode, forkNum, mark);
+    int        fd;
+
+    /* See mdcreate for details.. */
+    TablespaceCreateDbspace(reln->smgr_rnode.node.spcNode,
+                            reln->smgr_rnode.node.dbNode,
+                            isRedo);
+
+    fd = BasicOpenFile(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL);
+    if (fd < 0 && (!isRedo || errno != EEXIST))
+        ereport(ERROR,
+                (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                 errmsg("could not crete mark file \"%s\": %m", path)));
+
+    pg_fsync(fd);
+    close(fd);
+
+    /*
+     * To guarantee that the creation of the file is persistent, fsync its
+     * parent directory.
+     */
+    fsync_parent_path(path, ERROR);
+
+    pfree(path);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *  mdunlinkmark()  -- Delete the mark file
+ *
+ * If isRedo is true, it's okay for the file being not found.
+ */
+void
+mdunlinkmark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, StorageMarks mark,
+             bool isRedo)
+{
+    char   *path = markpath(reln->smgr_rnode, forkNum, mark);
+
+    if (!isRedo || mdmarkexists(reln, forkNum, mark))
+        durable_unlink(path, ERROR);
+
+    pfree(path);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  mdmarkexists()  -- Check if the file exists.
+ */
+static bool
+mdmarkexists(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forkNum, StorageMarks mark)
+{
+    char   *path = markpath(reln->smgr_rnode, forkNum, mark);
+    int        fd;
+
+    fd = BasicOpenFile(path, O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+        ereport(ERROR,
+                (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                 errmsg("could not access mark file \"%s\": %m", path)));
+    pfree(path);
+
+    if (fd < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    close(fd);
+    return true;
+}
+
 /*
  *    mdcreate() -- Create a new relation on magnetic disk.
  *
@@ -1025,6 +1102,15 @@ register_forget_request(RelFileNodeBackend rnode, ForkNumber forknum,
     RegisterSyncRequest(&tag, SYNC_FORGET_REQUEST, true /* retryOnError */ );
 }
 
+/*
+ * ForgetRelationForkSyncRequests -- forget any fsyncs and unlinks for a fork
+ */
+void
+ForgetRelationForkSyncRequests(RelFileNodeBackend rnode, ForkNumber forknum)
+{
+    register_forget_request(rnode, forknum, 0);
+}
+
 /*
  * ForgetDatabaseSyncRequests -- forget any fsyncs and unlinks for a DB
  */
@@ -1378,12 +1464,14 @@ mdsyncfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path)
  * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure, with errno set.
  */
 int
-mdunlinkfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path)
+mdunlinkfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path, StorageMarks mark)
 {
     char       *p;
 
     /* Compute the path. */
-    p = relpathperm(ftag->rnode, MAIN_FORKNUM);
+    p = GetRelationPath(ftag->rnode.dbNode, ftag->rnode.spcNode,
+                        ftag->rnode.relNode, InvalidBackendId, MAIN_FORKNUM,
+                        mark);
     strlcpy(path, p, MAXPGPATH);
     pfree(p);
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c b/src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c
index eb701dce57..4819b5c404 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ typedef struct f_smgr
     void        (*smgr_truncate) (SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
                                   BlockNumber nblocks);
     void        (*smgr_immedsync) (SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum);
+    void        (*smgr_createmark) (SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                                    StorageMarks mark, bool isRedo);
+    void        (*smgr_unlinkmark) (SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                                    StorageMarks mark, bool isRedo);
 } f_smgr;
 
 static const f_smgr smgrsw[] = {
@@ -82,6 +86,8 @@ static const f_smgr smgrsw[] = {
         .smgr_nblocks = mdnblocks,
         .smgr_truncate = mdtruncate,
         .smgr_immedsync = mdimmedsync,
+        .smgr_createmark = mdcreatemark,
+        .smgr_unlinkmark = mdunlinkmark,
     }
 };
 
@@ -335,6 +341,26 @@ smgrcreate(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo)
     smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_create(reln, forknum, isRedo);
 }
 
+/*
+ *    smgrcreatemark() -- Create a mark file
+ */
+void
+smgrcreatemark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, StorageMarks mark,
+               bool isRedo)
+{
+    smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_createmark(reln, forknum, mark, isRedo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *    smgrunlinkmark() -- Delete a mark file
+ */
+void
+smgrunlinkmark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, StorageMarks mark,
+               bool isRedo)
+{
+    smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_unlinkmark(reln, forknum, mark, isRedo);
+}
+
 /*
  *    smgrdosyncall() -- Immediately sync all forks of all given relations
  *
@@ -662,6 +688,12 @@ smgrimmedsync(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum)
     smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_immedsync(reln, forknum);
 }
 
+void
+smgrunlink(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo)
+{
+    smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_unlink(reln->smgr_rnode, forknum, isRedo);
+}
+
 /*
  * AtEOXact_SMgr
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c b/src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c
index 11fa17ddea..ddc344dad2 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/sync/sync.c
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ static CycleCtr checkpoint_cycle_ctr = 0;
 typedef struct SyncOps
 {
     int            (*sync_syncfiletag) (const FileTag *ftag, char *path);
-    int            (*sync_unlinkfiletag) (const FileTag *ftag, char *path);
+    int            (*sync_unlinkfiletag) (const FileTag *ftag, char *path,
+                                       StorageMarks mark);
     bool        (*sync_filetagmatches) (const FileTag *ftag,
                                         const FileTag *candidate);
 } SyncOps;
@@ -222,7 +223,8 @@ SyncPostCheckpoint(void)
 
         /* Unlink the file */
         if (syncsw[entry->tag.handler].sync_unlinkfiletag(&entry->tag,
-                                                          path) < 0)
+                                                          path,
+                                                          SMGR_MARK_NONE) < 0)
         {
             /*
              * There's a race condition, when the database is dropped at the
@@ -236,6 +238,20 @@ SyncPostCheckpoint(void)
                         (errcode_for_file_access(),
                          errmsg("could not remove file \"%s\": %m", path)));
         }
+        else if (syncsw[entry->tag.handler].sync_unlinkfiletag(
+                     &entry->tag, path,
+                     SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED) < 0)
+        {
+            /*
+             * And we may have SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED file.  Remove it if the
+             * fork files has been successfully removed. It's ok if the file
+             * does not exist.
+             */
+            if (errno != ENOENT)
+                ereport(WARNING,
+                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                         errmsg("could not remove file \"%s\": %m", path)));
+        }
 
         /* Mark the list entry as canceled, just in case */
         entry->canceled = true;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/parsexlog.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/parsexlog.c
index 9143797458..b21d01d04a 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/parsexlog.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/parsexlog.c
@@ -407,6 +407,30 @@ extractPageInfo(XLogReaderState *record)
          * source system.
          */
     }
+    else if (rmid == RM_SMGR_ID && rminfo == XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK)
+    {
+        /*
+         * We can safely ignore these. When we compare the sizes later on,
+         * we'll notice that they differ, and copy the missing tail from
+         * source system.
+         */
+    }
+    else if (rmid == RM_SMGR_ID && rminfo == XLOG_SMGR_MARK)
+    {
+        /*
+         * We can safely ignore these. When we compare the sizes later on,
+         * we'll notice that they differ, and copy the missing tail from
+         * source system.
+         */
+    }
+    else if (rmid == RM_SMGR_ID && rminfo == XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE)
+    {
+        /*
+         * We can safely ignore these. When we compare the sizes later on,
+         * we'll notice that they differ, and copy the missing tail from
+         * source system.
+         */
+    }
     else if (rmid == RM_XACT_ID &&
              ((rminfo & XLOG_XACT_OPMASK) == XLOG_XACT_COMMIT ||
               (rminfo & XLOG_XACT_OPMASK) == XLOG_XACT_COMMIT_PREPARED ||
diff --git a/src/common/relpath.c b/src/common/relpath.c
index 636c96efd3..1c19e16fea 100644
--- a/src/common/relpath.c
+++ b/src/common/relpath.c
@@ -139,9 +139,15 @@ GetDatabasePath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode)
  */
 char *
 GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
-                int backendId, ForkNumber forkNumber)
+                int backendId, ForkNumber forkNumber, char mark)
 {
     char       *path;
+    char        markstr[4];
+
+    if (mark == 0)
+        markstr[0] = 0;
+    else
+        snprintf(markstr, sizeof(markstr), ".%c", mark);
 
     if (spcNode == GLOBALTABLESPACE_OID)
     {
@@ -149,10 +155,10 @@ GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
         Assert(dbNode == 0);
         Assert(backendId == InvalidBackendId);
         if (forkNumber != MAIN_FORKNUM)
-            path = psprintf("global/%u_%s",
-                            relNode, forkNames[forkNumber]);
+            path = psprintf("global/%u_%s%s",
+                            relNode, forkNames[forkNumber], markstr);
         else
-            path = psprintf("global/%u", relNode);
+            path = psprintf("global/%u%s", relNode, markstr);
     }
     else if (spcNode == DEFAULTTABLESPACE_OID)
     {
@@ -160,22 +166,22 @@ GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
         if (backendId == InvalidBackendId)
         {
             if (forkNumber != MAIN_FORKNUM)
-                path = psprintf("base/%u/%u_%s",
+                path = psprintf("base/%u/%u_%s%s",
                                 dbNode, relNode,
-                                forkNames[forkNumber]);
+                                forkNames[forkNumber], markstr);
             else
-                path = psprintf("base/%u/%u",
-                                dbNode, relNode);
+                path = psprintf("base/%u/%u%s",
+                                dbNode, relNode, markstr);
         }
         else
         {
             if (forkNumber != MAIN_FORKNUM)
-                path = psprintf("base/%u/t%d_%u_%s",
+                path = psprintf("base/%u/t%d_%u_%s%s",
                                 dbNode, backendId, relNode,
-                                forkNames[forkNumber]);
+                                forkNames[forkNumber], markstr);
             else
-                path = psprintf("base/%u/t%d_%u",
-                                dbNode, backendId, relNode);
+                path = psprintf("base/%u/t%d_%u%s",
+                                dbNode, backendId, relNode, markstr);
         }
     }
     else
@@ -184,27 +190,28 @@ GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
         if (backendId == InvalidBackendId)
         {
             if (forkNumber != MAIN_FORKNUM)
-                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/%u_%s",
+                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/%u_%s%s",
                                 spcNode, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
                                 dbNode, relNode,
-                                forkNames[forkNumber]);
+                                forkNames[forkNumber], markstr);
             else
-                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/%u",
+                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/%u%s",
                                 spcNode, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
-                                dbNode, relNode);
+                                dbNode, relNode, markstr);
         }
         else
         {
             if (forkNumber != MAIN_FORKNUM)
-                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/t%d_%u_%s",
+                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/t%d_%u_%s%s",
                                 spcNode, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
                                 dbNode, backendId, relNode,
-                                forkNames[forkNumber]);
+                                forkNames[forkNumber], markstr);
             else
-                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/t%d_%u",
+                path = psprintf("pg_tblspc/%u/%s/%u/t%d_%u%s",
                                 spcNode, TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
-                                dbNode, backendId, relNode);
+                                dbNode, backendId, relNode, markstr);
         }
     }
+
     return path;
 }
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/storage.h b/src/include/catalog/storage.h
index 9ffc741913..d362d62ed2 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/storage.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/storage.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 extern int    wal_skip_threshold;
 
 extern SMgrRelation RelationCreateStorage(RelFileNode rnode, char relpersistence);
+extern void RelationCreateInitFork(Relation rel);
+extern void RelationDropInitFork(Relation rel);
 extern void RelationDropStorage(Relation rel);
 extern void RelationPreserveStorage(RelFileNode rnode, bool atCommit);
 extern void RelationPreTruncate(Relation rel);
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ extern void RestorePendingSyncs(char *startAddress);
 extern void smgrDoPendingDeletes(bool isCommit);
 extern void smgrDoPendingSyncs(bool isCommit, bool isParallelWorker);
 extern int    smgrGetPendingDeletes(bool forCommit, RelFileNode **ptr);
+extern void smgrDoPendingCleanups(bool isCommit);
 extern void AtSubCommit_smgr(void);
 extern void AtSubAbort_smgr(void);
 extern void PostPrepare_smgr(void);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/storage_xlog.h b/src/include/catalog/storage_xlog.h
index 622de22b03..8139308634 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/storage_xlog.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/storage_xlog.h
@@ -18,17 +18,23 @@
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
 #include "storage/relfilenode.h"
+#include "storage/smgr.h"
 
 /*
  * Declarations for smgr-related XLOG records
  *
- * Note: we log file creation and truncation here, but logging of deletion
- * actions is handled by xact.c, because it is part of transaction commit.
+ * Note: we log file creation, truncation and buffer persistence change here,
+ * but logging of deletion actions is handled mainly by xact.c, because it is
+ * part of transaction commit in most cases.  However, there's a case where
+ * init forks are deleted outside control of transaction.
  */
 
 /* XLOG gives us high 4 bits */
 #define XLOG_SMGR_CREATE    0x10
 #define XLOG_SMGR_TRUNCATE    0x20
+#define XLOG_SMGR_UNLINK    0x30
+#define XLOG_SMGR_MARK        0x40
+#define XLOG_SMGR_BUFPERSISTENCE    0x50
 
 typedef struct xl_smgr_create
 {
@@ -36,6 +42,32 @@ typedef struct xl_smgr_create
     ForkNumber    forkNum;
 } xl_smgr_create;
 
+typedef struct xl_smgr_unlink
+{
+    RelFileNode rnode;
+    ForkNumber    forkNum;
+} xl_smgr_unlink;
+
+typedef enum smgr_mark_action
+{
+    XLOG_SMGR_MARK_CREATE = 'c',
+    XLOG_SMGR_MARK_UNLINK = 'u'
+} smgr_mark_action;
+
+typedef struct xl_smgr_mark
+{
+    RelFileNode     rnode;
+    ForkNumber        forkNum;
+    StorageMarks    mark;
+    smgr_mark_action action;
+} xl_smgr_mark;
+
+typedef struct xl_smgr_bufpersistence
+{
+    RelFileNode rnode;
+    bool        persistence;
+} xl_smgr_bufpersistence;
+
 /* flags for xl_smgr_truncate */
 #define SMGR_TRUNCATE_HEAP        0x0001
 #define SMGR_TRUNCATE_VM        0x0002
@@ -51,6 +83,12 @@ typedef struct xl_smgr_truncate
 } xl_smgr_truncate;
 
 extern void log_smgrcreate(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum);
+extern void log_smgrunlink(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum);
+extern void log_smgrcreatemark(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum,
+                               StorageMarks mark);
+extern void log_smgrunlinkmark(const RelFileNode *rnode, ForkNumber forkNum,
+                               StorageMarks mark);
+extern void log_smgrbufpersistence(const RelFileNode *rnode, bool persistence);
 
 extern void smgr_redo(XLogReaderState *record);
 extern void smgr_desc(StringInfo buf, XLogReaderState *record);
diff --git a/src/include/common/relpath.h b/src/include/common/relpath.h
index a4b5dc853b..a864c91614 100644
--- a/src/include/common/relpath.h
+++ b/src/include/common/relpath.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ extern int    forkname_chars(const char *str, ForkNumber *fork);
 extern char *GetDatabasePath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode);
 
 extern char *GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
-                             int backendId, ForkNumber forkNumber);
+                             int backendId, ForkNumber forkNumber, char mark);
 
 /*
  * Wrapper macros for GetRelationPath.  Beware of multiple
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ extern char *GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
 /* First argument is a RelFileNode */
 #define relpathbackend(rnode, backend, forknum) \
     GetRelationPath((rnode).dbNode, (rnode).spcNode, (rnode).relNode, \
-                    backend, forknum)
+                    backend, forknum, 0)
 
 /* First argument is a RelFileNode */
 #define relpathperm(rnode, forknum) \
@@ -87,4 +87,9 @@ extern char *GetRelationPath(Oid dbNode, Oid spcNode, Oid relNode,
 #define relpath(rnode, forknum) \
     relpathbackend((rnode).node, (rnode).backend, forknum)
 
+/* First argument is a RelFileNodeBackend */
+#define markpath(rnode, forknum, mark)                                \
+    GetRelationPath((rnode).node.dbNode, (rnode).node.spcNode, \
+                    (rnode).node.relNode, \
+                    (rnode).backend, forknum, mark)
 #endif                            /* RELPATH_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/bufmgr.h b/src/include/storage/bufmgr.h
index dd01841c30..739b386216 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/bufmgr.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/bufmgr.h
@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ extern void FlushRelationsAllBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData **smgrs, int nrels)
 extern void FlushDatabaseBuffers(Oid dbid);
 extern void DropRelFileNodeBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData *smgr_reln, ForkNumber *forkNum,
                                    int nforks, BlockNumber *firstDelBlock);
+extern void SetRelationBuffersPersistence(struct SMgrRelationData *srel,
+                                          bool permanent, bool isRedo);
 extern void DropRelFileNodesAllBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData **smgr_reln, int nnodes);
 extern void DropDatabaseBuffers(Oid dbid);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 29209e2724..8bf746bf45 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ extern ssize_t pg_pwritev_with_retry(int fd,
 extern int    pg_truncate(const char *path, off_t length);
 extern void fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
 extern int    fsync_fname_ext(const char *fname, bool isdir, bool ignore_perm, int elevel);
+extern int    fsync_parent_path(const char *fname, int elevel);
 extern int    durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile, int loglevel);
 extern int    durable_unlink(const char *fname, int loglevel);
 extern int    durable_rename_excl(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile, int loglevel);
diff --git a/src/include/storage/md.h b/src/include/storage/md.h
index ffffa40db7..046afdb5fb 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/md.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/md.h
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
 extern void mdinit(void);
 extern void mdopen(SMgrRelation reln);
 extern void mdclose(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum);
+extern void mdcreatemark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                         StorageMarks mark, bool isRedo);
+extern void mdunlinkmark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                         StorageMarks mark, bool    isRedo);
 extern void mdcreate(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo);
 extern bool mdexists(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum);
 extern void mdunlink(RelFileNodeBackend rnode, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo);
@@ -41,12 +45,14 @@ extern void mdtruncate(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
                        BlockNumber nblocks);
 extern void mdimmedsync(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum);
 
+extern void ForgetRelationForkSyncRequests(RelFileNodeBackend rnode,
+                                           ForkNumber forknum);
 extern void ForgetDatabaseSyncRequests(Oid dbid);
 extern void DropRelationFiles(RelFileNode *delrels, int ndelrels, bool isRedo);
 
 /* md sync callbacks */
 extern int    mdsyncfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path);
-extern int    mdunlinkfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path);
+extern int    mdunlinkfiletag(const FileTag *ftag, char *path, StorageMarks mark);
 extern bool mdfiletagmatches(const FileTag *ftag, const FileTag *candidate);
 
 #endif                            /* MD_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/reinit.h b/src/include/storage/reinit.h
index bf2c10d443..e399aec0c7 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/reinit.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/reinit.h
@@ -16,13 +16,15 @@
 #define REINIT_H
 
 #include "common/relpath.h"
-
+#include "storage/smgr.h"
 
 extern void ResetUnloggedRelations(int op);
-extern bool parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(const char *name,
-                                                int *oidchars, ForkNumber *fork);
+extern bool parse_filename_for_nontemp_relation(const char *name, int *oidchars,
+                                                ForkNumber *fork,
+                                                StorageMarks *mark);
 
 #define UNLOGGED_RELATION_CLEANUP        0x0001
-#define UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT            0x0002
+#define UNLOGGED_RELATION_DROP_BUFFER    0x0002
+#define UNLOGGED_RELATION_INIT            0x0004
 
 #endif                            /* REINIT_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/smgr.h b/src/include/storage/smgr.h
index 052e0b8426..48e69ab69b 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/smgr.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/smgr.h
@@ -18,6 +18,18 @@
 #include "storage/block.h"
 #include "storage/relfilenode.h"
 
+/*
+ * Storage marks is a file of which existence suggests something about a
+ * file. The name of such files is "<filename>.<mark>", where the mark is one
+ * of the values of StorageMarks. Since ".<digit>" means segment files so don't
+ * use digits for the mark character.
+ */
+typedef enum StorageMarks
+{
+    SMGR_MARK_NONE = 0,
+    SMGR_MARK_UNCOMMITTED = 'u'    /* the file is not committed yet */
+} StorageMarks;
+
 /*
  * smgr.c maintains a table of SMgrRelation objects, which are essentially
  * cached file handles.  An SMgrRelation is created (if not already present)
@@ -85,7 +97,12 @@ extern void smgrclearowner(SMgrRelation *owner, SMgrRelation reln);
 extern void smgrclose(SMgrRelation reln);
 extern void smgrcloseall(void);
 extern void smgrclosenode(RelFileNodeBackend rnode);
+extern void smgrcreatemark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                           StorageMarks mark, bool isRedo);
+extern void smgrunlinkmark(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
+                           StorageMarks mark, bool isRedo);
 extern void smgrcreate(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo);
+extern void smgrunlink(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum, bool isRedo);
 extern void smgrdosyncall(SMgrRelation *rels, int nrels);
 extern void smgrdounlinkall(SMgrRelation *rels, int nrels, bool isRedo);
 extern void smgrextend(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber forknum,
diff --git a/src/test/recovery/t/027_persistence_change.pl b/src/test/recovery/t/027_persistence_change.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..261c4cf943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/recovery/t/027_persistence_change.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+# Copyright (c) 2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Test relation persistence change
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
+use Test::More;
+use Test::More tests => 30;
+use IPC::Run qw(pump finish timer);
+use Config;
+
+my $data_unit = 2000;
+
+# Initialize primary node.
+my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('node');
+$node->init;
+# we don't want checkpointing
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', qq(
+checkpoint_timeout = '24h'
+));
+$node->start;
+create($node);
+
+my $relfilenodes1 = relfilenodes();
+
+# correctly recover empty tables
+$node->stop('immediate');
+$node->start;
+insert($node, 0, $data_unit, 0);
+
+# data persists after a crash
+$node->stop('immediate');
+$node->start;
+checkdataloss($data_unit, 'crash logged 1');
+
+set_unlogged($node);
+# SET UNLOGGED shouldn't change relfilenode
+my $relfilenodes2 = relfilenodes();
+checkrelfilenodes($relfilenodes1, $relfilenodes2, 'logged->unlogged');
+
+# data cleanly vanishes after a crash
+$node->stop('immediate');
+$node->start;
+checkdataloss(0, 'crash unlogged');
+
+insert($node, 0, $data_unit, 0);
+set_logged($node);
+
+$node->stop('immediate');
+$node->start;
+# SET LOGGED shouldn't change relfilenode and data should survive the crash
+my $relfilenodes3 = relfilenodes();
+checkrelfilenodes($relfilenodes2, $relfilenodes3, 'unlogged->logged');
+checkdataloss($data_unit, 'crash logged 2');
+
+# unlogged insert -> graceful stop
+set_unlogged($node);
+insert($node, $data_unit, $data_unit, 0);
+$node->stop;
+$node->start;
+checkdataloss($data_unit * 2, 'unlogged graceful restart');
+
+# crash during transaction
+set_logged($node);
+$node->stop('immediate');
+$node->start;
+insert($node, $data_unit * 2, $data_unit, 0);
+
+my $h;
+
+# insert(,,,1) requires IO::Pty. Skip the test if the module is not
+# available, but do the insert to make the expected situation for the
+# later tests.
+eval { require IO::Pty; };
+if ($@)
+{
+    insert($node, $data_unit * 3, $data_unit, 0);
+    ok (1, 'SKIPPED: IO::Pty is needed');
+    ok (1, 'SKIPPED: IO::Pty is needed');
+}
+else
+{
+    $h = insert($node, $data_unit * 3, $data_unit, 1); ## this is aborted
+}
+
+$node->stop('immediate');
+
+# finishing $h stalls this case, just tear it off.
+$h = undef;
+
+# check if indexes are working
+$node->start;
+# drop first half of data to reduce run time
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'DELETE FROM t WHERE bt < ' . $data_unit * 2);
+check($node, $data_unit * 2, $data_unit * 3 - 1, 'final check');
+
+sub create
+{
+    my ($node) = @_;
+
+    $node->psql('postgres', qq(
+            CREATE TABLE t (bt int, gin int[], gist point, hash int,
+                brin int, spgist point);
+            CREATE INDEX i_bt ON t USING btree (bt);
+            CREATE INDEX i_gin ON t USING gin (gin);
+            CREATE INDEX i_gist ON t USING gist (gist);
+            CREATE INDEX i_hash ON t USING hash (hash);
+            CREATE INDEX i_brin ON t USING brin (brin);
+            CREATE INDEX i_spgist ON t USING spgist (spgist);));
+}
+
+
+sub insert
+{
+    my ($node, $st, $num, $interactive) = @_;
+    my $ed = $st + $num - 1;
+    my $query = qq(BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO t
+ (SELECT i, ARRAY[i, i * 2], point(i, i * 2), i, i, point(i, i)
+  FROM generate_series($st, $ed) i);
+);
+
+    if ($interactive)
+    {
+        my $in  = '';
+        my $out = '';
+        my $timer = timer(10);
+
+        my $h = $node->interactive_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer);
+        like($out, qr/psql/, "print startup banner");
+
+        $in .= "$query\n";
+        pump $h until ($out =~ /[\n\r]+INSERT 0 $num[\n\r]+/ ||
+                       $timer->is_expired);
+        ok(($out =~ /[\n\r]+INSERT 0 $num[\n\r]+/), "inserted-$st-$num");
+        return $h
+        # the trasaction is not terminated
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $node->psql('postgres', $query . "COMMIT;");
+        return undef;
+    }
+}
+
+sub check
+{
+    my ($node, $st, $ed, $head) = @_;
+    my $num_data = $ed - $st + 1;
+
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO true;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO false;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE bt = i)),
+       $num_data, "$head: heap is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE bt = i)),
+       $num_data, "$head: btree is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE gin = ARRAY[i, i * 2];)),
+       $num_data, "$head: gin is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE gist <@ box(point(i-0.5, i*2-0.5),point(i+0.5, i*2+0.5));)),
+       $num_data, "$head: gist is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE hash = i;)),
+       $num_data, "$head: hash is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE brin = i;)),
+       $num_data, "$head: brin is not broken");
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(
+            SET enable_seqscan TO false;
+            SET enable_indexscan TO true;
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t, generate_series($st, $ed) i
+            WHERE spgist <@ box(point(i-0.5,i-0.5),point(i+0.5,i+0.5));)),
+       $num_data, "$head: spgist is not broken");
+}
+
+sub set_unlogged
+{
+    my ($node) = @_;
+
+    $node->psql('postgres', qq(
+            ALTER TABLE t SET UNLOGGED;
+));
+}
+
+sub set_logged
+{
+    my ($node) = @_;
+
+    $node->psql('postgres', qq(
+            ALTER TABLE t SET LOGGED;
+));
+}
+
+sub relfilenodes
+{
+    my $result = $node->safe_psql('postgres', qq{
+        SELECT relname, relfilenode FROM pg_class
+        WHERE relname
+        IN ('t', 'i_bt','i_gin','i_gist','i_hash','i_brin','i_spgist');});
+
+    my %relfilenodes;
+
+    foreach my $l (split(/\n/, $result))
+    {
+        die "unexpected format: $l" if ($l !~ /^([^|]+)\|([0-9]+)$/);
+        $relfilenodes{$1} = $2;
+    }
+
+    # the number must correspond to the in list above
+    is (scalar %relfilenodes, 7, "number of relations is correct");
+
+    return \%relfilenodes;
+}
+
+sub checkrelfilenodes
+{
+    my ($rnodes1, $rnodes2, $s) = @_;
+
+    foreach my $n (keys %{$rnodes1})
+    {
+        if ($n eq 'i_gist')
+        {
+            # persistence of GiST index is not changed in-place
+            isnt($rnodes1->{$n}, $rnodes2->{$n},
+                 "$s: relfilenode is changed: $n");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            # otherwise all relations are processed in-place
+            is($rnodes1->{$n}, $rnodes2->{$n},
+                 "$s: relfilenode is not changed: $n");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub checkdataloss
+{
+    my ($expected, $s) = @_;
+
+    is($node->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM t;"), $expected,
+       "$s: data in table t is in the expected state");
+}
-- 
2.27.0

From f621f134e7c48b52a65e3b60ad42c0259e226a40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyoga.ntt@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 2020 23:21:09 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v17 2/2] New command ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE SET
 LOGGED/UNLOGGED

To ease invoking ALTER TABLE SET LOGGED/UNLOGGED, this command changes
relation persistence of all tables in the specified tablespace.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml        |  15 +++
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c         | 140 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c            |  16 +++
 src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c           |  15 +++
 src/backend/parser/gram.y                |  42 +++++++
 src/backend/tcop/utility.c               |  11 ++
 src/include/commands/tablecmds.h         |   2 +
 src/include/nodes/nodes.h                |   1 +
 src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h           |  10 ++
 src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out |  76 ++++++++++++
 src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql      |  41 +++++++
 11 files changed, 369 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
index a76e2e7322..6f108980af 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ ALTER TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
     SET SCHEMA <replaceable class="parameter">new_schema</replaceable>
 ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> [ OWNED BY <replaceable
class="parameter">role_name</replaceable>[, ... ] ]
 
     SET TABLESPACE <replaceable class="parameter">new_tablespace</replaceable> [ NOWAIT ]
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> [ OWNED BY <replaceable
class="parameter">role_name</replaceable>[, ... ] ]
 
+    SET { LOGGED | UNLOGGED } [ NOWAIT ]
 ALTER TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
     ATTACH PARTITION <replaceable class="parameter">partition_name</replaceable> { FOR VALUES <replaceable
class="parameter">partition_bound_spec</replaceable>| DEFAULT }
 
 ALTER TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -753,6 +755,19 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
       (see <xref linkend="sql-createtable-unlogged"/>).  It cannot be applied
       to a temporary table.
      </para>
+
+     <para>
+      All tables in the current database in a tablespace can be changed by using
+      the <literal>ALL IN TABLESPACE</literal> form, which will lock all tables
+      to be changed first and then change each one.  This form also supports
+      <literal>OWNED BY</literal>, which will only change tables owned by the
+      roles specified.  If the <literal>NOWAIT</literal> option is specified
+      then the command will fail if it is unable to acquire all of the locks
+      required immediately.  The <literal>information_schema</literal>
+      relations are not considered part of the system catalogs and will be
+      changed.  See also
+      <link linkend="sql-createtablespace"><command>CREATE TABLESPACE</command></link>.
+     </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
 
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 9e673ba68f..25bbdb5664 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -14769,6 +14769,146 @@ AlterTableMoveAll(AlterTableMoveAllStmt *stmt)
     return new_tablespaceoid;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Alter Table ALL ... SET LOGGED/UNLOGGED
+ *
+ * Allows a user to change persistence of all objects in a given tablespace in
+ * the current database.  Objects can be chosen based on the owner of the
+ * object also, to allow users to change persistene only their objects. The
+ * main permissions handling is done by the lower-level change persistence
+ * function.
+ *
+ * All to-be-modified objects are locked first. If NOWAIT is specified and the
+ * lock can't be acquired then we ereport(ERROR).
+ */
+void
+AlterTableSetLoggedAll(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *stmt)
+{
+    List       *relations = NIL;
+    ListCell   *l;
+    ScanKeyData key[1];
+    Relation    rel;
+    TableScanDesc scan;
+    HeapTuple    tuple;
+    Oid            tablespaceoid;
+    List       *role_oids = roleSpecsToIds(stmt->roles);
+
+    /* Ensure we were not asked to change something we can't */
+    if (stmt->objtype != OBJECT_TABLE)
+        ereport(ERROR,
+                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+                 errmsg("only tables can be specified")));
+
+    /* Get the tablespace OID */
+    tablespaceoid = get_tablespace_oid(stmt->tablespacename, false);
+
+    /*
+     * Now that the checks are done, check if we should set either to
+     * InvalidOid because it is our database's default tablespace.
+     */
+    if (tablespaceoid == MyDatabaseTableSpace)
+        tablespaceoid = InvalidOid;
+
+    /*
+     * Walk the list of objects in the tablespace to pick up them. This will
+     * only find objects in our database, of course.
+     */
+    ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
+                Anum_pg_class_reltablespace,
+                BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
+                ObjectIdGetDatum(tablespaceoid));
+
+    rel = table_open(RelationRelationId, AccessShareLock);
+    scan = table_beginscan_catalog(rel, 1, key);
+    while ((tuple = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
+    {
+        Form_pg_class relForm = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
+        Oid            relOid = relForm->oid;
+
+        /*
+         * Do not pick-up objects in pg_catalog as part of this, if an admin
+         * really wishes to do so, they can issue the individual ALTER
+         * commands directly.
+         *
+         * Also, explicitly avoid any shared tables, temp tables, or TOAST
+         * (TOAST will be changed with the main table).
+         */
+        if (IsCatalogNamespace(relForm->relnamespace) ||
+            relForm->relisshared ||
+            isAnyTempNamespace(relForm->relnamespace) ||
+            IsToastNamespace(relForm->relnamespace))
+            continue;
+
+        /* Only pick up the object type requested */
+        if (relForm->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION)
+            continue;
+
+        /* Check if we are only picking-up objects owned by certain roles */
+        if (role_oids != NIL && !list_member_oid(role_oids, relForm->relowner))
+            continue;
+
+        /*
+         * Handle permissions-checking here since we are locking the tables
+         * and also to avoid doing a bunch of work only to fail part-way. Note
+         * that permissions will also be checked by AlterTableInternal().
+         *
+         * Caller must be considered an owner on the table of which we're going
+         * to change persistence.
+         */
+        if (!pg_class_ownercheck(relOid, GetUserId()))
+            aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, get_relkind_objtype(get_rel_relkind(relOid)),
+                           NameStr(relForm->relname));
+
+        if (stmt->nowait &&
+            !ConditionalLockRelationOid(relOid, AccessExclusiveLock))
+            ereport(ERROR,
+                    (errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_IN_USE),
+                     errmsg("aborting because lock on relation \"%s.%s\" is not available",
+                            get_namespace_name(relForm->relnamespace),
+                            NameStr(relForm->relname))));
+        else
+            LockRelationOid(relOid, AccessExclusiveLock);
+
+        /*
+         * Add to our list of objects of which we're going to change
+         * persistence.
+         */
+        relations = lappend_oid(relations, relOid);
+    }
+
+    table_endscan(scan);
+    table_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
+
+    if (relations == NIL)
+        ereport(NOTICE,
+                (errcode(ERRCODE_NO_DATA_FOUND),
+                 errmsg("no matching relations in tablespace \"%s\" found",
+                        tablespaceoid == InvalidOid ? "(database default)" :
+                        get_tablespace_name(tablespaceoid))));
+
+    /*
+     * Everything is locked, loop through and change persistence of all of the
+     * relations.
+     */
+    foreach(l, relations)
+    {
+        List       *cmds = NIL;
+        AlterTableCmd *cmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
+
+        if (stmt->logged)
+            cmd->subtype = AT_SetLogged;
+        else
+            cmd->subtype = AT_SetUnLogged;
+
+        cmds = lappend(cmds, cmd);
+
+        EventTriggerAlterTableStart((Node *) stmt);
+        /* OID is set by AlterTableInternal */
+        AlterTableInternal(lfirst_oid(l), cmds, false);
+        EventTriggerAlterTableEnd();
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 index_copy_data(Relation rel, RelFileNode newrnode)
 {
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 90b5da51c9..bbc9eb28e6 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -4273,6 +4273,19 @@ _copyAlterTableMoveAllStmt(const AlterTableMoveAllStmt *from)
     return newnode;
 }
 
+static AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *
+_copyAlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt(const AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *from)
+{
+    AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *newnode = makeNode(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt);
+
+    COPY_STRING_FIELD(tablespacename);
+    COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(objtype);
+    COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(logged);
+    COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(nowait);
+
+    return newnode;
+}
+
 static CreateExtensionStmt *
 _copyCreateExtensionStmt(const CreateExtensionStmt *from)
 {
@@ -5639,6 +5652,9 @@ copyObjectImpl(const void *from)
         case T_AlterTableMoveAllStmt:
             retval = _copyAlterTableMoveAllStmt(from);
             break;
+        case T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt:
+            retval = _copyAlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt(from);
+            break;
         case T_CreateExtensionStmt:
             retval = _copyCreateExtensionStmt(from);
             break;
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index 06345da3ba..603bd2a044 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -1916,6 +1916,18 @@ _equalAlterTableMoveAllStmt(const AlterTableMoveAllStmt *a,
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool
+_equalAlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt(const AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *a,
+                                 const AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *b)
+{
+    COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(tablespacename);
+    COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(objtype);
+    COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(logged);
+    COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(nowait);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool
 _equalCreateExtensionStmt(const CreateExtensionStmt *a, const CreateExtensionStmt *b)
 {
@@ -3636,6 +3648,9 @@ equal(const void *a, const void *b)
         case T_AlterTableMoveAllStmt:
             retval = _equalAlterTableMoveAllStmt(a, b);
             break;
+        case T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt:
+            retval = _equalAlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt(a, b);
+            break;
         case T_CreateExtensionStmt:
             retval = _equalCreateExtensionStmt(a, b);
             break;
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index b5966712ce..682684c2ee 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -1984,6 +1984,48 @@ AlterTableStmt:
                     n->nowait = $13;
                     $$ = (Node *)n;
                 }
+        |    ALTER TABLE ALL IN_P TABLESPACE name SET LOGGED opt_nowait
+                {
+                    AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *n =
+                        makeNode(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt);
+                    n->tablespacename = $6;
+                    n->objtype = OBJECT_TABLE;
+                    n->logged = true;
+                    n->nowait = $9;
+                    $$ = (Node *)n;
+                }
+        |    ALTER TABLE ALL IN_P TABLESPACE name OWNED BY role_list SET LOGGED opt_nowait
+                {
+                    AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *n =
+                        makeNode(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt);
+                    n->tablespacename = $6;
+                    n->objtype = OBJECT_TABLE;
+                    n->roles = $9;
+                    n->logged = true;
+                    n->nowait = $12;
+                    $$ = (Node *)n;
+                }
+        |    ALTER TABLE ALL IN_P TABLESPACE name SET UNLOGGED opt_nowait
+                {
+                    AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *n =
+                        makeNode(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt);
+                    n->tablespacename = $6;
+                    n->objtype = OBJECT_TABLE;
+                    n->logged = false;
+                    n->nowait = $9;
+                    $$ = (Node *)n;
+                }
+        |    ALTER TABLE ALL IN_P TABLESPACE name OWNED BY role_list SET UNLOGGED opt_nowait
+                {
+                    AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *n =
+                        makeNode(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt);
+                    n->tablespacename = $6;
+                    n->objtype = OBJECT_TABLE;
+                    n->roles = $9;
+                    n->logged = false;
+                    n->nowait = $12;
+                    $$ = (Node *)n;
+                }
         |    ALTER INDEX qualified_name alter_table_cmds
                 {
                     AlterTableStmt *n = makeNode(AlterTableStmt);
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
index 83e4e37c78..750e0ecac9 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ ClassifyUtilityCommandAsReadOnly(Node *parsetree)
         case T_AlterTSConfigurationStmt:
         case T_AlterTSDictionaryStmt:
         case T_AlterTableMoveAllStmt:
+        case T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt:
         case T_AlterTableSpaceOptionsStmt:
         case T_AlterTableStmt:
         case T_AlterTypeStmt:
@@ -1747,6 +1748,12 @@ ProcessUtilitySlow(ParseState *pstate,
                 commandCollected = true;
                 break;
 
+            case T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt:
+                AlterTableSetLoggedAll((AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *) parsetree);
+                /* commands are stashed in AlterTableSetLoggedAll */
+                commandCollected = true;
+                break;
+
             case T_DropStmt:
                 ExecDropStmt((DropStmt *) parsetree, isTopLevel);
                 /* no commands stashed for DROP */
@@ -2669,6 +2676,10 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
             tag = AlterObjectTypeCommandTag(((AlterTableMoveAllStmt *) parsetree)->objtype);
             break;
 
+        case T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt:
+            tag = AlterObjectTypeCommandTag(((AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *) parsetree)->objtype);
+            break;
+
         case T_AlterTableStmt:
             tag = AlterObjectTypeCommandTag(((AlterTableStmt *) parsetree)->objtype);
             break;
diff --git a/src/include/commands/tablecmds.h b/src/include/commands/tablecmds.h
index 5d4037f26e..c381dad3e5 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/tablecmds.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/tablecmds.h
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ extern void AlterTableInternal(Oid relid, List *cmds, bool recurse);
 
 extern Oid    AlterTableMoveAll(AlterTableMoveAllStmt *stmt);
 
+extern void AlterTableSetLoggedAll(AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt *stmt);
+
 extern ObjectAddress AlterTableNamespace(AlterObjectSchemaStmt *stmt,
                                          Oid *oldschema);
 
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
index f9ddafd345..a83c66cad6 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
@@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
     T_AlterCollationStmt,
     T_CallStmt,
     T_AlterStatsStmt,
+    T_AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt,
 
     /*
      * TAGS FOR PARSE TREE NODES (parsenodes.h)
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 3e9bdc781f..f19bd3c569 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2351,6 +2351,16 @@ typedef struct AlterTableMoveAllStmt
     bool        nowait;
 } AlterTableMoveAllStmt;
 
+typedef struct AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt
+{
+    NodeTag        type;
+    char       *tablespacename;
+    ObjectType    objtype;        /* Object type to move */
+    List       *roles;            /* List of roles to change objects of */
+    bool        logged;
+    bool        nowait;
+} AlterTableSetLoggedAllStmt;
+
 /* ----------------------
  *        Create/Alter Extension Statements
  * ----------------------
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out
index 2dfbcfdebe..c02afdcb68 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tablespace.out
@@ -943,5 +943,81 @@ drop cascades to table testschema.asexecute
 drop cascades to table testschema.part
 drop cascades to table testschema.atable
 drop cascades to table testschema.tablespace_acl
+--
+-- Check persistence change in a tablespace
+CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
+GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA testschema TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tablespace LOCATION '';
+GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE regress_tablespace TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.lsu(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema.usu(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema._lsu(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema._usu(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SET ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.lu1(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema.uu1(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema._lu1(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema._uu1(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+ relname |      spcname       | relpersistence 
+---------+--------------------+----------------
+ lsu     | regress_tablespace | p
+ usu     | regress_tablespace | u
+ lu1     | regress_tablespace | p
+ uu1     | regress_tablespace | u
+ _lsu    |                    | p
+ _usu    |                    | u
+ _lu1    |                    | p
+ _uu1    |                    | u
+(8 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tablespace
+      OWNED BY regress_tablespace_user1 SET LOGGED;
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+ relname |      spcname       | relpersistence 
+---------+--------------------+----------------
+ lsu     | regress_tablespace | p
+ usu     | regress_tablespace | u
+ lu1     | regress_tablespace | p
+ uu1     | regress_tablespace | p
+ _lsu    |                    | p
+ _usu    |                    | u
+ _lu1    |                    | p
+ _uu1    |                    | u
+(8 rows)
+
+RESET ROLE;
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tablespace SET UNLOGGED;
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+ relname |      spcname       | relpersistence 
+---------+--------------------+----------------
+ lsu     | regress_tablespace | u
+ usu     | regress_tablespace | u
+ lu1     | regress_tablespace | u
+ uu1     | regress_tablespace | u
+ _lsu    |                    | p
+ _usu    |                    | u
+ _lu1    |                    | p
+ _uu1    |                    | u
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Should succeed
+DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 8 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to table testschema.lsu
+drop cascades to table testschema.usu
+drop cascades to table testschema._lsu
+drop cascades to table testschema._usu
+drop cascades to table testschema.lu1
+drop cascades to table testschema.uu1
+drop cascades to table testschema._lu1
+drop cascades to table testschema._uu1
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
 DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
 DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql
index 896f05cea3..4e407eb8c0 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tablespace.sql
@@ -419,5 +419,46 @@ DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed;
 
 DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
 
+
+--
+-- Check persistence change in a tablespace
+CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
+GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA testschema TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLESPACE regress_tablespace LOCATION '';
+GRANT CREATE ON TABLESPACE regress_tablespace TO regress_tablespace_user1;
+
+CREATE TABLE testschema.lsu(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema.usu(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema._lsu(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema._usu(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+SET ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
+CREATE TABLE testschema.lu1(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema.uu1(a int) TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+CREATE TABLE testschema._lu1(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE testschema._uu1(a int) TABLESPACE pg_default;
+
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tablespace
+      OWNED BY regress_tablespace_user1 SET LOGGED;
+
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+
+RESET ROLE;
+
+ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tablespace SET UNLOGGED;
+
+SELECT relname, t.spcname, relpersistence
+ FROM pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_tablespace t ON (c.reltablespace = t.oid)
+ WHERE relnamespace = 'testschema'::regnamespace ORDER BY spcname, c.oid;
+
+-- Should succeed
+DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
+DROP TABLESPACE regress_tablespace;
+
 DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
 DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user2;
-- 
2.27.0


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