F.26. pg_arman
F.26.1. NAME
pg_arman - Backup and recovery manager for Postgres Pro
F.26.2. SYNOPSIS
pg_arman [ OPTIONS ]
{ init |
backup |
restore |
show [ DATE | timeline ] |
validate [ DATE ] |
delete DATE }
DATE is the start time of the target backup in ISO-format: (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS). Prefix match is used to compare DATE and backup files.
F.26.3. DESCRIPTION
pg_arman is a utility program to backup and restore Postgres Pro database.
It proposes the following features:
Backup while database runs including tablespaces with just one command
Recovery from backup with just one command, with customized targets to facilitate the use of PITR.
Support for full and differential backup + ptrack differential backup
Management of backups with integrated catalog
F.26.4. COMMANDS
pg_arman supports the following commands. See also OPTIONS for more details.
init:
Initialize a backup catalog.backup:
Take an online backup.restore:
Perform restore.show:
Show backup history. The timeline option shows timeline of the backup and the parent's timeline for each backup.validate:
Validate backup files.delete:
Delete backup files.
F.26.4.1. INITIALIZATION
First, you need to create "a backup catalog" to store backup files and their metadata. It is recommended to setup archive_mode and archive_command in postgresql.conf before initializing the backup catalog. If the variables are initialized, pg_arman can adjust the config file to the setting. In this case, you have to specify the database cluster path for Postgres Pro. Please specify it in PGDATA environmental variable or -D/--pgdata option.
$ pg_arman init -B /path/to/backup/
F.26.4.2. BACKUP
Backup target can be one of the following types:
Full backup, backup a whole database cluster.
Differential backup, backup only files or pages modified after the last verified backup. A scan of the WAL records since the last backup up to the LSN position of pg_start_backup is done and all the blocks touched are recorded and tracked as part of the backup. As the WAL segments scanned need to be located in the WAL archive, the last segment after pg_start_backup has been run needs to be forcibly switched.
ptrack differential backup, use bitmap ptrack file for detect changed pages. For use it you need set ptrack_enable option to "on".
It is recommended to verify backup files as soon as possible after backup. Unverified backup cannot be used in restore and in differential backups.
F.26.4.3. RESTORE
Postgres Pro server should be stopped before performing a restore. If database cluster still exists, restore command will save unarchived transaction log and delete all database files. You can retry recovery until a new backup is taken. After restoring files, pg_arman creates recovery.conf in $PGDATA. The conf file contains parameters for recovery. It is as well possible to modify the file manually.
It is recommended to take a full backup as soon as possible after recovery has succeeded.
If "--recovery-target-timeline" is not specifed, the last checkpoint's TimeLineID in control file ($PGDATA/global/pg_control) will be the restore target. If pg_control is not present, TimeLineID in the full backup used by the restore will be a restore target.
F.26.4.4. EXAMPLES
To reduce the number of command line arguments, you can set BACKUP_PATH, an environment variable, to the absolute path of the backup catalog and write default configuration into ${BACKUP_PATH}/pg_arman.ini.
$ cat $BACKUP_PATH/pg_arman.ini ARCLOG_PATH = /home/postgres/arclog BACKUP_MODE = FULL KEEP_DATA_GENERATIONS = 3 KEEP_DATA_DAYS = 120
F.26.4.5. TAKE A BACKUP
This example takes a full backup of the whole database. Then, it validates all unvalidated backups.
$ pg_arman backup --backup-mode=full $ pg_arman validate
F.26.4.6. RESTORE FROM A BACKUP
Here are some commands to restore from a backup:
$ pg_ctl stop -m immediate $ pg_arman restore $ pg_ctl start
F.26.4.7. SHOW A BACKUP
$ pg_arman show =================================================================================== Start Mode Current TLI Parent TLI Time Data Backup Status =================================================================================== 2013-12-25 03:02:31 PAGE 1 0 0m 203kB 67MB DONE 2013-12-25 03:02:31 PAGE 1 0 0m 0B 0B ERROR 2013-12-25 03:02:25 FULL 1 0 0m 33MB 364MB OK
The fields are:
Start: start time of backup
Mode: Mode of backup: FULL (full) or PAGE (page differential) or PTRACK (differential by ptrack)
Current TLI: current timeline of backup
Parent TLI: parent timeline of backup
Time: total time necessary to take this backup
Data: size of data files
Log: size of read server log files
Backup: size of backup (= written size)
Status: status of backup. Possible values are:
OK : backup is done and validated.
DONE : backup is done, but not validated yet.
RUNNING : backup is running
DELETING : backup is being deleted.
DELETED : backup has been deleted.
ERROR : backup is unavailable because some errors occur during backup.
CORRUPT : backup is unavailable because it is broken.
When a date is specified, more details about a backup is retrieved:
$ pg_arman show '2011-11-27 19:15:45' # configuration BACKUP_MODE=FULL # result TIMELINEID=1 START_LSN=0/08000020 STOP_LSN=0/080000a0 START_TIME='2011-11-27 19:15:45' END_TIME='2011-11-27 19:19:02' RECOVERY_XID=1759 RECOVERY_TIME='2011-11-27 19:15:53' DATA_BYTES=25420184 BLOCK_SIZE=8192 XLOG_BLOCK_SIZE=8192 STATUS=OK
You can check the "RECOVERY_XID" and "RECOVERY_TIME" which are used for restore option "--recovery-target-xid", "--recovery-target-time".
The delete command deletes backup files not required by recovery after the specified date. This command also cleans up in the WAL archive the WAL segments that are no longer needed to restore from the remaining backups.
F.26.4.8. OPTIONS
pg_arman accepts the following command line parameters. Some of them can be also specified as environment variables. See also PARAMETERS for the details.
F.26.4.9. COMMON OPTIONS
As a general rule, paths for data location need to be specified as absolute paths; relative paths are not allowed.
-D PATH / --pgdata=PATH:
The absolute path of database cluster. Required on backup and restore.
-A PATH / --arclog-path=PATH:
The absolute path of archive WAL directory. Required for restore and show command.
-B PATH / --backup-path=PATH:
The absolute path of backup catalog. This option is mandatory.
-c / --check:
If specifed, pg_arman doesn't perform actual jobs but only checks parameters and required resources. The option is typically used with --verbose option to verify the operation.
F.26.4.10. BACKUP OPTIONS
-b BACKUPMODE / --backup-mode=BACKUPMODE:
Specify backup target files. Available options are: "full", "page", "ptrack".
-C / --smooth-checkpoint:
Checkpoint is performed on every backups. If the option is specified, do smooth checkpoint then. See also the second argument for pg_start_backup().
--validate:
Validate a backup just after taking it. Other backups taken previously are ignored.
--keep-data-generations=NUMBER / --keep-data-days=DAYS:
Specify how long backed up data files will be kept. --keep-data-generations means number of backup generations. --keep-data-days means days to be kept. Only files exceeded one of those settings are deleted.
-j=NUMBER / --threads=NUMBER: Number of threads for backup.
--stream: Enable stream replication for save WAL during backup process.
--disable-ptrack-clear: Disable clear ptrack files for postgres without ptrack patch.
F.26.4.11. RESTORE OPTIONS
The parameters whose name start are started with --recovery refer to the same parameters as the ones in recovery.conf.
--recovery-target-timeline=TIMELINE:
Specifies recovering into a particular timeline. If not specified, the current timeline is used.
--recovery-target-time=TIMESTAMP:
This parameter specifies the timestamp up to which recovery will proceed.
--recovery-target-xid=XID:
This parameter specifies the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed.
--recovery-target-inclusive:
Specifies whether server pauses when recovery target is reached.
-j=NUMBER / --threads=NUMBER: Number of threads for restore.
--stream: Restore without recovery.conf and use pg_xlog WALs. Before you need backup with --stream option. This option will disable all --recovery- options.
F.26.4.12. CATALOG OPTIONS
-a / --show-all:
Show all existing backups, including the deleted ones.
F.26.4.13. CONNECTION OPTIONS
Parameters to connect Postgres Pro server.
-d DBNAME / --dbname=DBNAME:
The database name to execute pg_start_backup() and pg_stop_backup().
-h HOSTNAME / --host=HOSTNAME:
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
-p PORT / --port=PORT:
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections.
-U USERNAME / --username=USERNAME:
User name to connect as.
-w / --no-password:
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.
-W / --password:
Force pg_arman to prompt for a password before connecting to a database. This option is never essential, since pg_arman will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication. However, pg_arman will waste a connection attempt in order to find out if the server wants a password. In some cases it is worth typing -W to avoid the extra connection attempt.
F.26.4.14. GLOBAL OPTIONS
--help:
Print help, then exit.
-V / --version:
Print version information, then exit.
-v / --verbose:
If specified, pg_arman works in verbose mode.
F.26.5. PARAMETERS
Some of parameters can be specified as command line arguments, environment variables or in configuration file as follows:
Short Long Env File
-h --host PGHOST No
-p --port PGPORT No
-d --dbname PGDATABASE No
-U --username PGUSER No
PGPASSWORD No
-w --password No
-W --no-password No
-D --pgdata PGDATA Yes
-B --backup-path BACKUP_PATH Yes
-A --arclog-path ARCLOG_PATH Yes
-b --backup-mode BACKUP_MODE Yes
-C --smooth-checkpoint SMOOTH_CHECKPOINT Yes
--validate VALIDATE Yes
--keep-data-generations KEEP_DATA_GENERATIONS Yes
--keep-data-days KEEP_DATA_DAYS Yes
--recovery-target-timeline RECOVERY_TARGET_TIMELINE Yes
--recovery-target-xid RECOVERY_TARGET_XID Yes
--recovery-target-time RECOVERY_TARGET_TIME Yes
--recovery-target-inclusive RECOVERY_TARGET_INCLUSIVE Yes
Variable names in configuration file are the same as long names or names of environment variables. The password can not be specified in command line and configuration file for security reason.
This utility, like most other Postgres Pro utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Environment Variables).
F.26.6. RESTRICTIONS
pg_arman has the following restrictions.
Requires to read database cluster directory and write backup catalog directory. It is usually necessary to mount the disk where backup catalog is placed with NFS or related from database server.
Major versions of pg_arman and server should match.
Block sizes of pg_arman and server should match.
If there are some unreadable files/directories in data folder of server WAL directory or archived WAL directory, the backup or restore will fail depending on the backup mode selected.
F.26.7. DETAILS
F.26.7.1. RECOVERY TO POINT-IN-TIME
pg_arman can recover to point-in-time if timeline, transaction ID, or timestamp is specified in recovery.conf. xlogdump is a contrib module of Postgres Pro core that allows checking in the content of WAL files and determine when to recover. This might help.
F.26.7.2. CONFIGURATION FILE
Setting parameters in configuration file is done as "name=value". Quotes are required if the value contains whitespaces. Comments should start with "#" and are automatically ignored. Whitespaces and tabs are ignored excluding values.
F.26.7.3. RESTRICTIONS
In order to work, the Postgres Pro instance on which backups are taken need to have data checksums enabled or to enable wal_log_hints.
pg_arman is aimed at working with Postgres Pro 9.5 and newer versions.
For ptrack feature you need special version of Postgres and set wal_level to archive or hot_standby and ptrack_enable.
For stream feature you need configure streaming replication in your postgres.
F.26.7.4. EXIT CODE
pg_arman returns exit codes for each error status.
Code Name Description 0 SUCCESS Operation succeeded. 1 ERROR Generic error 2 FATAL Exit because of repeated errors 3 PANIC Unknown critical condition
F.26.8. AUTHOR
pg_arman is a fork of pg_arman that was originally written by NTT, now developed and maintained by Michael Paquier. Threads, WAL diff, ptrack diff, stream WAL and some other features developed by Yury Zhuravlev aka stalkerg from PostgresPro.
Please report bug reports at https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_arman/issues.