Require schema qualification to cast to a temporary type when using functional cast syntax (Noah Misch)

We have long required invocations of temporary functions to explicitly specify the temporary schema, that is pg_temp.func_name(args). Require this as well for casting to temporary types using functional notation, for example pg_temp.type_name(arg). Otherwise it's possible to capture a function call using a temporary object, allowing privilege escalation in much the same ways that we blocked in CVE-2007-2138. (CVE-2019-10208)

Fix failure of ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN TYPE when altering multiple columns' types in one command (Tom Lane)

This fixes a regression introduced in the most recent minor releases: indexes using the altered columns were not processed correctly, leading to strange failures during ALTER TABLE.

Avoid using unnecessary sort steps for some queries with GROUPING SETS (Andrew Gierth, Richard Guo)

Fix mishandling of multi-column foreign keys when rebuilding a foreign key constraint (Tom Lane)

ALTER TABLE could make an incorrect decision about whether revalidation of a foreign key is necessary, if not all columns of the key are of the same type. It seems likely that the error would always have been in the conservative direction, that is revalidating unnecessarily.

Prevent incorrect canonicalization of date ranges with infinity endpoints (Laurenz Albe)

It's incorrect to try to convert an open range to a closed one or vice versa by incrementing or decrementing the endpoint value, if the endpoint is infinite; so leave the range alone in such cases.

Fix loss of fractional digits when converting very large money values to numeric (Tom Lane)

Fix spinlock assembly code for MIPS CPUs so that it works on MIPS r6 (YunQiang Su)

Make libpq ignore carriage return (\r) in connection service files (Tom Lane, Michael Paquier)

In some corner cases, service files containing Windows-style newlines could be mis-parsed, resulting in connection failures.

Fix pg_dump to ensure that custom operator classes are dumped in the right order (Tom Lane)

If a user-defined opclass is the subtype opclass of a user-defined range type, related objects were dumped in the wrong order, producing an unrestorable dump. (The underlying failure to handle opclass dependencies might manifest in other cases too, but this is the only known case.)

Fix contrib/passwordcheck to coexist with other users of check_password_hook (Michael Paquier)

Fix contrib/sepgsql tests to work under recent SELinux releases (Mike Palmiotto)

Reduce stderr output from pg_upgrade's test script (Tom Lane)

Support building Postgres with Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 (Haribabu Kommi)

In Visual Studio builds, honor WindowsSDKVersion environment variable, if that's set (Peifeng Qiu)

This fixes build failures in some configurations.

Support OpenSSL 1.1.0 and newer in Visual Studio builds (Juan José Santamaría Flecha, Michael Paquier)

Allow make options to be passed down to gmake when non-GNU make is invoked at the top level (Thomas Munro)

Avoid choosing localtime or posixrules as TimeZone during initdb (Tom Lane)

In some cases initdb would choose one of these artificial zone names over the “real” zone name. Prefer any other match to the C library's timezone behavior over these two.

Adjust pg_timezone_names view to show the Factory time zone if and only if it has a short abbreviation (Tom Lane)

Historically, IANA set up this artificial zone with an “abbreviation” like Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page. Modern versions of the tzdb database show -00 instead, but some platforms alter the data to show one or another of the historical phrases. Show this zone only if it uses the modern abbreviation.

Sync our copy of the timezone library with IANA tzcode release 2019b (Tom Lane)

This adds support for zic's new -b slim option to reduce the size of the installed zone files. We are not currently using that, but may enable it in future.

Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2019b for DST law changes in Brazil, plus historical corrections for Hong Kong, Italy, and Palestine.