pg_resetwal
pg_resetwal — reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a Postgres Pro database cluster
Synopsis
pg_resetwal [ -f | --force ] [ -n | --dry-run ] [option...] [ -D | --pgdata ]datadir
Description
pg_resetwal clears the write-ahead log (WAL) and optionally resets some other control information stored in the pg_control file. This function is sometimes needed if these files have become corrupted. It should be used only as a last resort, when the server will not start due to such corruption.
After running this command, it should be possible to start the server, but bear in mind that the database might contain inconsistent data due to partially-committed transactions. You should immediately dump your data, run initdb, and restore. After restore, check for inconsistencies and repair as needed.
This utility can only be run by the user who installed the server, because it requires read/write access to the data directory. For safety reasons, you must specify the data directory on the command line. pg_resetwal does not use the environment variable PGDATA.
If pg_resetwal complains that it cannot determine valid data for pg_control, you can force it to proceed anyway by specifying the -f (force) option. In this case plausible values will be substituted for the missing data. Most of the fields can be expected to match, but manual assistance might be needed for the next OID, next transaction ID and epoch, next multitransaction ID and offset, and WAL starting location fields. These fields can be set using the options discussed below. If you are not able to determine correct values for all these fields, -f can still be used, but the recovered database must be treated with even more suspicion than usual: an immediate dump and restore is imperative. Do not execute any data-modifying operations in the database before you dump, as any such action is likely to make the corruption worse.
Options
-f--forceForce
pg_resetwalto proceed even if it cannot determine valid data forpg_control, as explained above.-n--dry-runThe
-n/--dry-runoption instructspg_resetwalto print the values reconstructed frompg_controland values about to be changed, and then exit without modifying anything. This is mainly a debugging tool, but can be useful as a sanity check before allowingpg_resetwalto proceed for real.-V--versionDisplay version information, then exit.
-?--helpShow help, then exit.
The following options are only needed when pg_resetwal is unable to determine appropriate values by reading pg_control. Safe values can be determined as described below. For values that take numeric arguments, hexadecimal values can be specified by using the prefix 0x.
-cxid,xid--commit-timestamp-ids=xid,xidManually set the oldest and newest transaction IDs for which the commit time can be retrieved.
A safe value for the oldest transaction ID for which the commit time can be retrieved (first part) can be determined by looking for the numerically smallest file name in the directory
pg_commit_tsunder the data directory. Conversely, a safe value for the newest transaction ID for which the commit time can be retrieved (second part) can be determined by looking for the numerically greatest file name in the same directory. The file names are in hexadecimal.-exid_epoch--epoch=xid_epochManually set the next transaction ID's epoch.
The transaction ID epoch is not actually stored anywhere in the database except in the field that is set by
pg_resetwal, so any value will work so far as the database itself is concerned. You might need to adjust this value to ensure that replication systems such as Slony-I and Skytools work correctly — if so, an appropriate value should be obtainable from the state of the downstream replicated database.-lwalfile--next-wal-file=walfileManually set the WAL starting location by specifying the name of the next WAL segment file.
The name of next WAL segment file should be larger than any WAL segment file name currently existing in the directory
pg_walunder the data directory. These names are also in hexadecimal and have three parts. The first part is the “timeline ID” and should usually be kept the same. For example, if00000001000000320000004Ais the largest entry inpg_wal, use-l 00000001000000320000004Bor higher.Note that when using nondefault WAL segment sizes, the numbers in the WAL file names are different from the LSNs that are reported by system functions and system views. This option takes a WAL file name, not an LSN.
Note
pg_resetwalitself looks at the files inpg_waland chooses a default-lsetting beyond the last existing file name. Therefore, manual adjustment of-lshould only be needed if you are aware of WAL segment files that are not currently present inpg_wal, such as entries in an offline archive; or if the contents ofpg_walhave been lost entirely.-mmxid,mxid--multixact-ids=mxid,mxidManually set the next and oldest multitransaction ID.
A safe value for the next multitransaction ID (first part) can be determined by looking for the numerically largest file name in the directory
pg_multixact/offsetsunder the data directory, adding one, and then multiplying by 65536 (0x10000). Conversely, a safe value for the oldest multitransaction ID (second part of-m) can be determined by looking for the numerically smallest file name in the same directory and multiplying by 65536. The file names are in hexadecimal, so the easiest way to do this is to specify the option value in hexadecimal and append four zeroes.-ooid--next-oid=oidManually set the next OID.
There is no comparably easy way to determine a next OID that's beyond the largest one in the database, but fortunately it is not critical to get the next-OID setting right.
-Omxoff--multixact-offset=mxoffManually set the next multitransaction offset.
A safe value can be determined by looking for the numerically largest file name in the directory
pg_multixact/membersunder the data directory, adding one, and then multiplying by 52352 (0xCC80). The file names are in hexadecimal. There is no simple recipe such as the ones for other options of appending zeroes.--wal-segsize=wal_segment_sizeSet the new WAL segment size, in megabytes. The value must be set to a power of 2 between 1 and 1024 (megabytes). See the same option of initdb for more information.
Note
While
pg_resetwalwill set the WAL starting address beyond the latest existing WAL segment file, some segment size changes can cause previous WAL file names to be reused. It is recommended to use-ltogether with this option to manually set the WAL starting address if WAL file name overlap will cause problems with your archiving strategy.-uxid--oldest-transaction-id=xidManually set the oldest unfrozen transaction ID.
A safe value can be determined by looking for the numerically smallest file name in the directory
pg_xactunder the data directory and then multiplying by 1048576 (0x100000). Note that the file names are in hexadecimal. It is usually easiest to specify the option value in hexadecimal too. For example, if0007is the smallest entry inpg_xact,-u 0x700000will work (five trailing zeroes provide the proper multiplier).-xxid--next-transaction-id=xidManually set the next transaction ID.
A safe value can be determined by looking for the numerically largest file name in the directory
pg_xactunder the data directory, adding one, and then multiplying by 1048576 (0x100000). Note that the file names are in hexadecimal. It is usually easiest to specify the option value in hexadecimal too. For example, if0011is the largest entry inpg_xact,-x 0x1200000will work (five trailing zeroes provide the proper multiplier).
Notes
This command must not be used when the server is running. pg_resetwal will refuse to start up if it finds a server lock file in the data directory. If the server crashed then a lock file might have been left behind; in that case you can remove the lock file to allow pg_resetwal to run. But before you do so, make doubly certain that there is no server process still alive.
pg_resetwal works only with servers of the same major version.