Hi Egor,
As per your recommendations I've updated code and attached it below.
I've also prepared Excel spreadsheet with benchmarks in raw format as well as processed for better presentation.
Just for reference I provide my test configuration and benchmarks.
Setup
VM: 4 CPU 2.2 GHz Intel Xeon Silver 4114, 16 GB RAM
shared_buffers=2GB
wal_keep_size=300MB
Same DB for all tests. No replicas, just primary instance
Scale | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 1000 | 2000
DB size | 1761 MB | 1774 MB | 1878 MB | 2009 MB | 3050 MB | 4351 MB | 14 GB | 27 GB
Data generation modes
Prefixes S Single transaction for whole data set
M Multiple transactions (as 1 transaction per "scale")
Modes G INSERT .. FROM generate_series
U INSERT .. FROM unnest
g COPY .. FROM STDIN TEXT
c COPY .. FROM STDIN BINARY
Average time of 5 runs to complete data initialization
pgbench (PostgreSQL) 17.7 (Debian 17.7-3.pgdg12+1)
Mode
Scale | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 1000 | 2000
SG | 0.22 | 0.45 | 2.18 | 4.39 | 23.94 | 47.89 | 241.99 | 550.91
Sg | 0.16 | 0.27 | 1.53 | 3.19 | 16.08 | 32.98 | 161.31 | 327.56
pgbench (PostgreSQL) 19devel / client-side generation
Mode
Scale | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 1000 | 2000
Mc | 0.15 | 0.29 | 1.39 | 2.93 | 14.79 | 30.78 | 161.52 | 330.63
Sc | 0.13 | 0.27 | 1.37 | 2.69 | 14.71 | 29.99 | 152.83 | 298.88
Mg | 0.17 | 0.30 | 1.58 | 3.26 | 15.91 | 31.95 | 160.31 | 326.46
Sg | 0.20 | 0.38 | 1.66 | 3.39 | 18.72 | 36.26 | 176.54 | 351.66
pgbench (PostgreSQL) 19devel / server-side generation
Mode
Scale | 1 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 1000 | 2000
MU | 0.22 | 0.47 | 2.35 | 4.71 | 24.80 | 53.19 | 261.44 | 536.05
SU | 0.22 | 0.44 | 2.35 | 4.78 | 24.42 | 49.16 | 246.41 | 495.51
MG | 0.22 | 0.45 | 2.29 | 4.44 | 24.03 | 50.21 | 256.54 | 544.17
SG | 0.23 | 0.43 | 2.35 | 5.04 | 27.74 | 52.72 | 250.27 | 492.77
Best regards,
Boris
