In addition to the other great comments and advice that have been posted, you might want to review the "Database Compatibility Technology for Oracle" document from EnterpriseDB.
Temporary tables will be in memory unless they overflow work_mem and we do support unlogged tables and tablespaces which you could stick out on a ramdisk if you want.
I would suggest not putting a table space on a ramdisk. According to the docs this risks corrupting the entire cluster.