"Peer authentication is only available on operating systems providing the getpeereid() function, the SO_PEERCRED socket parameter, or similar mechanisms. Currently that includes Linux, most flavors of BSD including Mac OS X, and Solaris."
Linux system (Ubuntu 12.04). Also tested in Mac OS 10.8.
Forgot to mention: in pg_hba.conf there is a previous line:
local postgres peer
That would be the issue, assuming you are doing something along lines of psql -d some_db -U postgres per:
" The first record with a matching connection type, client address, requested database, and user name is used to perform authentication. There is no "fall-through" or "backup": if one record is chosen and the authentication fails, subsequent records are not considered."
If you are not connecting as above, you will need to show us your connection string.
Actually, it's connecting now. I've applied the map to the first entry in pg_hba.conf
local all postgres peer map=vp.
So, I'm identifying vagrant with postgres, as desired, and it works.