Can I do a restore of a single table or single base using the archive generated for the basebackup without having to delete the filesystem (/var/lib/pgsql/9.5/*)?.
No, but you can use a spare machine to restore the hole database (point-in-time-recovery) and restore the table from that using pg_dump or copy.
Not everyone has a spare machine and a few TB lying around..
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The machine one tests their backup restoration process on should suffice for this purpose...