Re: Can I do better than this heapscan and sort? - Mailing list pgsql-performance

On Thu, Jun 21, 2012 at 3:07 PM, Andy Halsall <halsall_andy@hotmail.com> wrote:
> I have two tables node and relationship. Each relationship record connects
> two nodes and has an application keys (unfortunately named) that can be used
> by the application to look-up a relationship and get from one node to the
> other.
>
> My query uses a node id and a description of a relationship from the node,
> and must find the "next" relationship that the node has. It does this by
> finding all the relationships that could be "next", ordering them and then
> getting the first.
>
> Details are below but I end up with 6896 candidates for "next".
>
> If I'm reading the output correctly it takes 13.509 ms to apply the filter
> and another 7 ms or so to do the sort of the remaining 6896 nodes.
>
> Have tried many index combinations to try and improve the results. I suspect
> that with so many nodes to sort, postgresql will opt for heap scan rather
> than index. But why does it not use the IDX_order_sort_down_2 index for the
> sort?
>
> Thanks,
> Andy
>
>
> Details..........
>
> Version
> -------
> PostgreSQL 9.1.2 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.5.2,
> 64-bit
>
> Tables
> ------
> CREATE TABLE node (
>  node_id      bigint NOT NULL,
>  node_type    int4 NOT NULL,
>  c_state      int4 NOT NULL,
>  d_state      int4 NOT NULL,
>  sort_key     bigint NOT NULL,
>  permissions  bytea NOT NULL,
>  audit        bytea  NOT NULL,
>  pkg_id       bytea NULL,
>  created      timestamp NOT NULL
> );
>
> CREATE TABLE relationship (
>  rel_id           bigint NOT NULL,
>  rel_type         integer NOT NULL,
>  s_t_n            bigint NOT NULL,
>  t_s_n            bigint NOT NULL,
>  state            integer NOT NULL,
>  control          integer NOT NULL,
>  sort_key         bigint NOT NULL,
>  prime_key        bytea NULL,
>  prime_key_len    integer NOT NULL,
>  sec_key          bytea NULL,
>  sec_key_len      integer NOT NULL,
>  up_sort_key      bigint NOT NULL,
>  up_prime_key     bytea NULL,
>  up_prime_key_len integer NOT NULL,
>  up_sec_key       bytea NULL,
>  up_sec_key_len   integer NOT NULL,
>  permissions      bytea NOT NULL,
>  t_s_n_type       integer NOT NULL,
>  created          timestamp NOT NULL
> );
>
> Constraints
> -----------
> -- Primary keys
> ALTER TABLE node ADD CONSTRAINT PK_node PRIMARY KEY (node_id);
>
> ALTER TABLE relationship ADD CONSTRAINT PK_relationship PRIMARY KEY
> (rel_id);
>
> -- Foreign keys
> ALTER TABLE relationship ADD CONSTRAINT FK_node_s FOREIGN KEY (s_t_n)
> REFERENCES node (node_id);
>
> ALTER TABLE relationship ADD CONSTRAINT FK_node_n FOREIGN KEY (t_s_n)
> REFERENCES node (node_id);
>
>
> Indexes
> -------
> CREATE INDEX IDX_node_type ON node (node_type ASC) TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_node_sort_key ON node (sort_key ASC) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_s_t_n ON relationship (s_t_n ASC) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_t_s_n ON relationship (t_s_n ASC) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_type ON relationship (rel_type ASC) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_prime_key ON relationship (prime_key ASC)
> TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_u_prime_key ON relationship (up_prime_key ASC)
> TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_relationship_sec_key ON relationship (sec_key ASC)
> TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_order_first ON node(sort_key DESC, node_id DESC) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_order_sort_down_1 ON relationship(sort_key DESC, prime_key
> ASC NULLS FIRST, sec_key ASC NULLS FIRST) TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_order_sort_down_2 ON relationship(sort_key DESC, prime_key
> ASC NULLS FIRST, sec_key DESC NULLS FIRST) TABLESPACE ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
> CREATE INDEX IDX_order_sort_up ON relationship(up_sort_key DESC,
> up_prime_key ASC NULLS FIRST, up_sec_key ASC NULLS FIRST) TABLESPACE
> ds_appex_ts_10
> ;
>
> Query
> -----
> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sp_get_rel_sort_dup_sec_desc(in_rel_type1
> integer, in_rel_type2 integer, in_node_type integer, in_own_guid bigint,
> in_prev_prime_key bytea, in_prev_prime_key_len integer, in_prev_sec_key
> bytea, in_prev_sec_key_len integer, in_prev_sort_key bigint, in_ctrl
> integer) RETURNS select_rel_holder AS
> '
> declare
> h select_rel_holder%rowtype;
>
> begin
>        SELECT INTO h  r.rel_id, r.t_s_n, r.rel_type, r.sort_key,
>                       r.state,r.permissions, r.control,
>                       r.prime_key, r.prime_key_len, r.sec_key,
> r.sec_key_len,
>                       r.up_prime_key, r.up_prime_key_len, r.up_sec_key,
> r.up_sec_key_len
>         FROM relationship r
>         WHERE r.s_t_n = in_own_guid AND (r.rel_type = in_rel_type1 OR
> r.rel_type = in_rel_type2)
>         AND
>         (
>             (
>                (
>                   r.prime_key > in_prev_prime_key
>                   OR
>                   ( r.prime_key = in_prev_prime_key AND r.sec_key <
> in_prev_sec_key)
>                )
>                AND
>                r.sort_key = in_prev_sort_key
>             )
>
>             OR
>             r.sort_key < in_prev_sort_key
>         )
>         AND t_s_n_type = in_node_type
>         AND r.control >= in_ctrl
>         ORDER BY sort_key DESC, prime_key ASC NULLS FIRST, sec_key DESC
> NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1;
>         RETURN h;
> end
> '
> language 'plpgsql' STABLE;
>
>
> EXPLAIN ANALYZE output
> -------------------------------
>         Limit  (cost=48.90..48.90 rows=1 width=89) (actual
> time=21.480..21.480 rows=1 loops=1)
>           Output: rel_id, t_s_n, rel_type, sort_key, state, permissions,
> control, prime_key, prime_key_len, sec_key, sec_key_len, up_prime_key,
> up_prime_key_l
> en, up_sec_key, up_sec_key_len
>
>           ->  Sort  (cost=48.90..48.90 rows=1 width=89) (actual
> time=21.479..21.479 rows=1 loops=1)
>                 Output: rel_id, t_s_n, rel_type, sort_key, state,
> permissions, control, prime_key, prime_key_len, sec_key, sec_key_len,
> up_prime_key, up_prime
> _key_len, up_sec_key, up_sec_key_len
>                 Sort Key: r.sort_key, r.prime_key, r.sec_key
>                 Sort Method: top-N heapsort  Memory: 25kB
>
>                 ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on public.relationship r
> (cost=3.39..48.89 rows=1 width=89) (actual time=1.034..13.509 rows=6986
> loops=1)
>                       Output: rel_id, t_s_n, rel_type, sort_key, state,
> permissions, control, prime_key, prime_key_len, sec_key, sec_key_len,
> up_prime_key, up
> _prime_key_len, up_sec_key, up_sec_key_len
>                       Recheck Cond: (r.s_t_n = $4)
>                       Filter: ((r.control >= $10) AND (r.t_s_n_type = $3)
> AND ((r.rel_type = $1) OR (r.rel_type = $2)) AND ((((r.prime_key > $5) OR
> ((r.prime_
> key = $5) AND (r.sec_key < $7))) AND (r.sort_key = $9)) OR (r.sort_key <
> $9)))
>
>                       ->  Bitmap Index Scan on idx_relationship_s_t_n
> (cost=0.00..3.39 rows=18 width=0) (actual time=0.951..0.951 rows=6989
> loops=1)
>                             Index Cond: (r.s_t_n = $4)

Absolutely.  You need to learn and master row-wise comparison.  It was
added for exactly this purpose :-).

SELECT * FROM foo WHERE (a,b,c) > (a1,b1,c1) ORDER BY a,b,c LIMIT k;

will be fully optimized if you have an index on a,b,c (a1,b1,c1 are
the last ones you read off).  Be advised that if there is not a lot of
cardinality on 'a', you may need to disable certain index plans to get
a good plan in some cases.

merlin