Re: Slow count(*) again... - Mailing list pgsql-performance

On Saturday 09 October 2010 23:56:15 Craig Ringer wrote:
> On 10/10/2010 11:02 AM, Neil Whelchel wrote:
> > On Saturday 09 October 2010 18:47:34 Scott Marlowe wrote:
> >> On Sat, Oct 9, 2010 at 5:26 PM, Neil Whelchel<neil.whelchel@gmail.com>
> >
> > wrote:
> >>> I know that there haven been many discussions on the slowness of
> >>> count(*) even when an index is involved because the visibility of the
> >>> rows has to be checked. In the past I have seen many suggestions about
> >>> using triggers and tables to keep track of counts and while this works
> >>> fine in a situation where you know what the report is going to be
> >>> ahead of time, this is simply not an option when an unknown WHERE
> >>> clause is to be used (dynamically generated). I ran into a fine
> >>> example of this when I was searching this mailing list, "Searching in
> >>> 856,646 pages took 13.48202 seconds. Site search powered by PostgreSQL
> >>> 8.3." Obviously at some point count(*) came into play here because the
> >>> site made a list of pages (1 2 3 4 5 6>  next). I very commonly make a
> >>> list of pages from search results, and the biggest time killer here is
> >>> the count(*) portion, even worse yet, I sometimes have to hit the
> >>> database with two SELECT statements, one with OFFSET and LIMIT to get
> >>> the page of results I need and another to get the amount of total rows
> >>> so I can estimate how many pages of results are available. The point I
> >>> am driving at here is that since building a list of pages of results
> >>> is such a common thing to do, there need to be some specific high
> >>> speed ways to do this in one query. Maybe an estimate(*) that works
> >>> like count but gives an answer from the index without checking
> >>> visibility? I am sure that this would be good enough to make a page
> >>> list, it is really no big deal if it errors on the positive side,
> >>> maybe the list of pages has an extra page off the end. I can live with
> >>> that. What I can't live with is taking 13 seconds to get a page of
> >>> results from 850,000 rows in a table.
> >>
> >> 99% of the time in the situations you don't need an exact measure, and
> >> assuming analyze has run recently, select rel_tuples from pg_class for
> >> a given table is more than close enough.  I'm sure wrapping that in a
> >> simple estimated_rows() function would be easy enough to do.
> >
> > This is a very good approach and it works very well when you are counting
> > the entire table, but when you have no control over the WHERE clause, it
> > doesn't help. IE: someone puts in a word to look for in a web form.
>
> For that sort of thing, there isn't much that'll help you except
> visibility-aware indexes, covering indexes, etc if/when they're
> implemented. Even then, they'd only help when it was a simple
> index-driven query with no need to hit the table to recheck any test
> conditions, etc.

Good point, maybe this is turning more into a discussion of how to generate a
list of pages of results and one page of results with one query so we don't
have to do the same painfully slow query twice to do a very common task.

On the other hand, I copied a table out of one of my production servers that
has about 60,000 rows with 6 columns (numeric, numeric, bool, bool, timestamp,
text). The first numeric column has numbers evenly spread between 0 and 100
and it is indexed. I put the table in a pair of database servers both running
on the same physical hardware. One server is Postgres, the other is a popular
server (I am not mentioning names here). on Postgres: SELECT count(*) FROM
table where column>50; takes about 8 seconds to run. The other database server
took less than one second (about 25 ms) as it is using the index (I assume) to
come up with the results. It is true that this is not a fair test because both
servers were tested with their default settings, and the defaults for Postgres
are much more conservative, however, I don't think that any amount of settings
tweaking will bring them even in the same ball park. There has been discussion
about the other server returning an incorrect count because all of the indexed
rows may not be live at the time. This is not a problem for the intended use,
that is why I suggested another function like estimate(*). It's name suggests
that the result will be close, not 100% correct, which is plenty good enough
for generating a list of results pages in most cases. I am faced with a very
serious problem here. If the query to make a list of pages takes say 6 seconds
and it takes another 6 seconds to generate a page of results, the customer is
waiting 12 seconds. This is not going to work. If count made a quick estimate,
say less than a second, and it took 6 seconds to come up with the actual
results, I could live with that. Or if coming up with the window of results
via (OFFSET and LIMIT) and returned the total number of rows that would have
matched the query, then I would still have everything I need to render the
page in a reasonable time. I really think that this needs to be addressed
somewhere. It's not like I am the only one that does this. You see it nearly
everywhere a long list of results is (expected to be) returned in a web site.
Among the people I work with, this seems to be the most mentioned reason that
they claim that they don't use Postgres for their projects.

It would be nice to see how the server comes up with the search results and
list of links to pages of results for this mailing list.
(http://search.postgresql.org/search?q=slow+count%28%29&m=1&l=&d=365&s=r) I am
guessing that it probably uses the count and query method I am talking about.

>
> I guess there could be *some* way to expose the query planner's cost
> estimates in a manner useful for result count estimation ... but given
> how coarse its stats are and how wildly out the estimates can be, I kind
> of doubt it. It's really intended for query planning decisions and more
> interested in orders of magnitude, "0, 1, or more than that" measures,
> etc, and seems to consider 30% here or there to be pretty insignificant
> most of the time.
>
> > It's bad enough that count(*) is slow, then you have to do it all over
> > again to get the results you need! I have not dug into this much yet,
> > but would it be possible to return the amount of rows that a WHERE
> > clause would actually return if the LIMIT and OFFSET were not applied.
> > IE: When a normal query is executed, the server returns the number of
> > rows aside from the actual row data. Would it be a big deal to modify
> > this to allow it to return the amount of rows before the LIMIT and
> > OFFSET is applied as well?
>
> It'd force the server to fully execute the query. Then again, it sounds
> like you're doing that anyway.