vacuumdb
Synopsis
vacuumdb [connection-option...] [option...] [ --table | -t table [( column [,...] )] ] ... [dbname]
vacuumdb [connection-option...] [option...] --all | -a
Description
vacuumdb is a utility for cleaning a PostgreSQL database. vacuumdb will also generate internal statistics used by the PostgreSQL query optimizer.
vacuumdb is a wrapper around the SQL command VACUUM. There is no effective difference between vacuuming and analyzing databases via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server.
Options
vacuumdb accepts the following command-line arguments:
- -a
--all Vacuum all databases.
- [-d] dbname
[--dbname=]dbname Specifies the name of the database to be cleaned or analyzed. If this is not specified and -a (or --all) is not used, the database name is read from the environment variable PGDATABASE. If that is not set, the user name specified for the connection is used.
- -e
--echo Echo the commands that vacuumdb generates and sends to the server.
- -f
--full Perform "full" vacuuming.
- -F
--freeze Aggressively "freeze" tuples.
- -q
--quiet Do not display progress messages.
- -t table [ (column [,...]) ]
--table=table [ (column [,...]) ] Clean or analyze table only. Column names can be specified only in conjunction with the --analyze or --analyze-only options. Multiple tables can be vacuumed by writing multiple -t switches.
Tip: If you specify columns, you probably have to escape the parentheses from the shell. (See examples below.)
- -v
--verbose Print detailed information during processing.
- -V
--version Print the vacuumdb version and exit.
- -z
--analyze Also calculate statistics for use by the optimizer.
- -Z
--analyze-only Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum).
- --analyze-in-stages
Only calculate statistics for use by the optimizer (no vacuum), like --analyze-only. Run several (currently three) stages of analyze with different configuration settings, to produce usable statistics faster.
This option is useful to analyze a database that was newly populated from a restored dump or by pg_upgrade. This option will try to create some statistics as fast as possible, to make the database usable, and then produce full statistics in the subsequent stages.
- -?
--help Show help about vacuumdb command line arguments, and exit.
vacuumdb also accepts the following command-line arguments for connection parameters:
- -h host
--host=host Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
- -p port
--port=port Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections.
- -U username
--username=username User name to connect as.
- -w
--no-password Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.
- -W
--password Force vacuumdb to prompt for a password before connecting to a database.
This option is never essential, since vacuumdb will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication. However, vacuumdb will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password. In some cases it is worth typing -W to avoid the extra connection attempt.
- --maintenance-db=dbname
Specifies the name of the database to connect to discover what other databases should be vacuumed. If not specified, the postgres database will be used, and if that does not exist, template1 will be used.
Environment
- PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER Default connection parameters
This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 31.14).
Diagnostics
In case of difficulty, see VACUUM and psql for discussions of potential problems and error messages. The database server must be running at the targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the libpq front-end library will apply.
Notes
vacuumdb might need to connect several times to the PostgreSQL server, asking for a password each time. It is convenient to have a ~/.pgpass file in such cases. See Section 31.15 for more information.
Examples
To clean the database test:
$ vacuumdb test
To clean and analyze for the optimizer a database named bigdb:
$ vacuumdb --analyze bigdb
To clean a single table foo in a database named xyzzy, and analyze a single column bar of the table for the optimizer:
$ vacuumdb --analyze --verbose --table 'foo(bar)' xyzzy