9.12. Network Address Functions and Operators #
The IP network address types, cidr and inet, support the usual comparison operators shown in Table 9.1 as well as the specialized operators and functions shown in Table 9.39 and Table 9.40.
Any cidr value can be cast to inet implicitly; therefore, the operators and functions shown below as operating on inet also work on cidr values. (Where there are separate functions for inet and cidr, it is because the behavior should be different for the two cases.) Also, it is permitted to cast an inet value to cidr. When this is done, any bits to the right of the netmask are silently zeroed to create a valid cidr value.
Table 9.39. IP Address Operators
Operator Description Example(s) |
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inet << inet → boolean
Is subnet strictly contained by subnet? This operator, and the next four, test for subnet inclusion. They consider only the network parts of the two addresses (ignoring any bits to the right of the netmasks) and determine whether one network is identical to or a subnet of the other. inet '192.168.1.5' << inet '192.168.1/24' → t
inet '192.168.0.5' << inet '192.168.1/24' → f
inet '192.168.1/24' << inet '192.168.1/24' → f
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inet <<= inet → boolean
Is subnet contained by or equal to subnet? inet '192.168.1/24' <<= inet '192.168.1/24' → t
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inet >> inet → boolean
Does subnet strictly contain subnet? inet '192.168.1/24' >> inet '192.168.1.5' → t
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inet >>= inet → boolean
Does subnet contain or equal subnet? inet '192.168.1/24' >>= inet '192.168.1/24' → t
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inet && inet → boolean
Does either subnet contain or equal the other? inet '192.168.1/24' && inet '192.168.1.80/28' → t
inet '192.168.1/24' && inet '192.168.2.0/28' → f
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~ inet → inet
Computes bitwise NOT. ~ inet '192.168.1.6' → 63.87.254.249
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inet & inet → inet
Computes bitwise AND. inet '192.168.1.6' & inet '0.0.0.255' → 0.0.0.6
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inet | inet → inet
Computes bitwise OR. inet '192.168.1.6' | inet '0.0.0.255' → 192.168.1.255
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inet + bigint → inet
Adds an offset to an address. inet '192.168.1.6' + 25 → 192.168.1.31
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bigint + inet → inet
Adds an offset to an address. 200 + inet '::ffff:fff0:1' → ::ffff:255.240.0.201
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inet - bigint → inet
Subtracts an offset from an address. inet '192.168.1.43' - 36 → 192.168.1.7
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inet - inet → bigint
Computes the difference of two addresses. inet '192.168.1.43' - inet '192.168.1.19' → 24
inet '::1' - inet '::ffff:1' → -4294901760
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Table 9.40. IP Address Functions
Function Description Example(s) |
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abbrev ( inet ) → text Creates an abbreviated display format as text. (The result is the same as the inet output function produces; it is “abbreviated” only in comparison to the result of an explicit cast to text, which for historical reasons will never suppress the netmask part.) abbrev(inet '10.1.0.0/32') → 10.1.0.0
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abbrev ( cidr ) → text
Creates an abbreviated display format as text. (The abbreviation consists of dropping all-zero octets to the right of the netmask; more examples are in Table 8.22.) abbrev(cidr '10.1.0.0/16') → 10.1/16
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broadcast ( inet ) → inet Computes the broadcast address for the address's network. broadcast(inet '192.168.1.5/24') → 192.168.1.255/24
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family ( inet ) → integer Returns the address's family: 4 for IPv4, 6 for IPv6. family(inet '::1') → 6
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host ( inet ) → text Returns the IP address as text, ignoring the netmask. host(inet '192.168.1.0/24') → 192.168.1.0
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hostmask ( inet ) → inet Computes the host mask for the address's network. hostmask(inet '192.168.23.20/30') → 0.0.0.3
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inet_merge ( inet, inet ) → cidr Computes the smallest network that includes both of the given networks. inet_merge(inet '192.168.1.5/24', inet '192.168.2.5/24') → 192.168.0.0/22
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inet_same_family ( inet, inet ) → boolean Tests whether the addresses belong to the same IP family. inet_same_family(inet '192.168.1.5/24', inet '::1') → f
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masklen ( inet ) → integer Returns the netmask length in bits. masklen(inet '192.168.1.5/24') → 24
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netmask ( inet ) → inet Computes the network mask for the address's network. netmask(inet '192.168.1.5/24') → 255.255.255.0
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network ( inet ) → cidr Returns the network part of the address, zeroing out whatever is to the right of the netmask. (This is equivalent to casting the value to cidr.) network(inet '192.168.1.5/24') → 192.168.1.0/24
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set_masklen ( inet, integer ) → inet Sets the netmask length for an inet value. The address part does not change. set_masklen(inet '192.168.1.5/24', 16) → 192.168.1.5/16
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set_masklen ( cidr, integer ) → cidr
Sets the netmask length for a cidr value. Address bits to the right of the new netmask are set to zero. set_masklen(cidr '192.168.1.0/24', 16) → 192.168.0.0/16
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text ( inet ) → text Returns the unabbreviated IP address and netmask length as text. (This has the same result as an explicit cast to text.) text(inet '192.168.1.5') → 192.168.1.5/32
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Tip
The abbrev, host, and text functions are primarily intended to offer alternative display formats for IP addresses.
The MAC address types, macaddr and macaddr8, support the usual comparison operators shown in Table 9.1 as well as the specialized functions shown in Table 9.41. In addition, they support the bitwise logical operators ~, & and | (NOT, AND and OR), just as shown above for IP addresses.
Table 9.41. MAC Address Functions
Function Description Example(s) |
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trunc ( macaddr ) → macaddr Sets the last 3 bytes of the address to zero. The remaining prefix can be associated with a particular manufacturer (using data not included in Postgres Pro). trunc(macaddr '12:34:56:78:90:ab') → 12:34:56:00:00:00
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trunc ( macaddr8 ) → macaddr8
Sets the last 5 bytes of the address to zero. The remaining prefix can be associated with a particular manufacturer (using data not included in Postgres Pro). trunc(macaddr8 '12:34:56:78:90:ab:cd:ef') → 12:34:56:00:00:00:00:00
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macaddr8_set7bit ( macaddr8 ) → macaddr8 Sets the 7th bit of the address to one, creating what is known as modified EUI-64, for inclusion in an IPv6 address. macaddr8_set7bit(macaddr8 '00:34:56:ab:cd:ef') → 02:34:56:ff:fe:ab:cd:ef
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