createuser
createuser — define a new Postgres Pro user account
Synopsis
createuser
[connection-option
...] [option
...] [username
]
Description
createuser creates a new Postgres Pro user (or more precisely, a role). Only superusers and users with CREATEROLE
privilege can create new users, so createuser must be invoked by someone who can connect as a superuser or a user with CREATEROLE
privilege.
If you wish to create a role with the SUPERUSER
, REPLICATION
, or BYPASSRLS
privilege, you must connect as a superuser, not merely with CREATEROLE
privilege. Being a superuser implies the ability to bypass all access permission checks within the database, so superuser access should not be granted lightly. CREATEROLE
also conveys very extensive privileges.
createuser is a wrapper around the SQL command CREATE ROLE. There is no effective difference between creating users via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server.
Options
createuser accepts the following command-line arguments:
username
Specifies the name of the Postgres Pro user to be created. This name must be different from all existing roles in this Postgres Pro installation.
-c
number
--connection-limit=
number
Set a maximum number of connections for the new user. The default is to set no limit.
-d
--createdb
The new user will be allowed to create databases.
-D
--no-createdb
The new user will not be allowed to create databases. This is the default.
-e
--echo
Echo the commands that createuser generates and sends to the server.
-E
--encrypted
This option is obsolete but still accepted for backward compatibility.
-g
role
--role=
role
Indicates role to which this role will be added immediately as a new member. Multiple roles to which this role will be added as a member can be specified by writing multiple
-g
switches.-i
--inherit
The new role will automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of. This is the default.
-I
--no-inherit
The new role will not automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of.
--interactive
Prompt for the user name if none is specified on the command line, and also prompt for whichever of the options
-d
/-D
,-r
/-R
,-s
/-S
is not specified on the command line. (This was the default behavior up to PostgreSQL 9.1.)-l
--login
The new user will be allowed to log in (that is, the user name can be used as the initial session user identifier). This is the default.
-L
--no-login
The new user will not be allowed to log in. (A role without login privilege is still useful as a means of managing database permissions.)
-P
--pwprompt
If given, createuser will issue a prompt for the password of the new user. This is not necessary if you do not plan on using password authentication.
-r
--createrole
The new user will be allowed to create, alter, drop, comment on, change the security label for other roles; that is, this user will have
CREATEROLE
privilege. See role creation for more details about what capabilities are conferred by this privilege.-R
--no-createrole
The new user will not be allowed to create new roles. This is the default.
-s
--superuser
The new user will be a superuser.
-S
--no-superuser
The new user will not be a superuser. This is the default.
-V
--version
Print the createuser version and exit.
--profile=
profile
The new role will be assigned the profile that enforces password management policy. All restrictions of this profile will apply to the role.
--replication
The new user will have the
REPLICATION
privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for CREATE ROLE.--no-replication
The new user will not have the
REPLICATION
privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for CREATE ROLE.-?
--help
Show help about createuser command line arguments, and exit.
createuser also accepts the following command-line arguments for connection parameters:
-h
host
--host=
host
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket.
-p
port
--port=
port
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections.
-U
username
--username=
username
User name to connect as (not the user name to create).
-w
--no-password
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a
.pgpass
file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.-W
--password
Force createuser to prompt for a password (for connecting to the server, not for the password of the new user).
This option is never essential, since createuser will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication. However, createuser will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password. In some cases it is worth typing
-W
to avoid the extra connection attempt.
Environment
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
Default connection parameters
PG_COLOR
Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are
always
,auto
andnever
.
This utility, like most other Postgres Pro utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 36.14).
Diagnostics
In case of difficulty, see CREATE ROLE and psql for discussions of potential problems and error messages. The database server must be running at the targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the libpq front-end library will apply.
Examples
To create a user joe
on the default database server:
$
createuser joe
To create a user joe
on the default database server with prompting for some additional attributes:
$
createuser --interactive joe
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n)
n
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n)
n
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n)
n
To create the same user joe
using the server on host eden
, port 5000, with attributes explicitly specified, taking a look at the underlying command:
$
createuser -h eden -p 5000 -S -D -R -e joe
CREATE ROLE joe NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;
To create the user joe
as a superuser, and assign a password immediately:
$
createuser -P -s -e joe
Enter password for new role:
xyzzy
Enter it again:
xyzzy
CREATE ROLE joe PASSWORD 'md5b5f5ba1a423792b526f799ae4eb3d59e' SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;
In the above example, the new password isn't actually echoed when typed, but we show what was typed for clarity. As you see, the password is encrypted before it is sent to the client.